Inthismemorandum,thevicepresidentofRoadFoodsuggeststhatthecompanymotivateitsadvertisingagencytoperformbetterbybasingtheagencyspayontheRoadFoodsprofits.Insupportofthissuggestion,thevicepresidentpointsoutthatalthoughRoadFoodinitiallythoughttheadagencywasfollowingcompanyrecommendations,competitor-StreetEatsearnedhigherprofitslastyear.ThevicepresidentalsonotesthatStreetEatshasfewerrestaurantsthanRoadFood,andthatRoadFoodspentnearlyasmuchmoneyonadvertisingasStreetEatsdid.Thisargumentisunconvincing,sinceitreliesondubiousassumptionsandcomparisons.
First,thevicepresidentassumesthattheadcampaigncausedthelowprofits.However,thevicepresidentignoresmanyotherfactorsthatcontributetoprofitability.Inparticular,thefactthatRoadFoodhasbeenspendinglessadvertisingmoneyperrestaurantthanStreetEatssuggeststhatitsunwillingnesstospendmoremaybethemainreasonfordisappointingprofits.
Second,theauthorimpliesthattheadagencyfailedtoimplementRoadFoodsguidelines,andthatthisfailurewasthereasonfordisappointingprofits.However,itisequallypossiblethattheadagencyfaithfullyfollowedallsuggestionsfromRoadFood,andthatthosesuggestionswerethecauseofthedisappointingprofits.Inthisrespect,theauthorunfairlyshiftsblamefromRoadFoodtotheadagency.
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1.表示坏处
1)Ithasmoredisadvantagesthanadvantages.
2)Itdoesusmuchharm.
3)Itisharmfultous.
例如：
However，everythingdividesintotwo.Televisioncanalsobeharmfultous.Itcandoharmtoourhealthandmakeuslazyifwespendtoomuchtimewatchingtelevi-sion.
2.表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能
1)Itisimportant(necessary，difficult，convenient，possible)forsb.todosth.
2)Wethinkitnecessarytodosth.
3)Itplaysanimportantroleinourlife.
例如：
Computersarenowbeingusedeverywhere，whetherinthegovernment，inschoolsorinbusiness.Soon，computerswillbefoundineveryhome，too.WehavegoodreasontosaythatcomputersareplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinourlifeandwehavesteppedintotheComputerAge.
3.表示措施
1)Weshouldtakesomeeffectivemeasures.
2)Weshouldtryourbesttoovercome(conquer)thedifficulties.
3)Weshoulddoourutmostindoingsth.
4)Weshouldsolvetheproblemsthatweareconfronted(faced)with.
例如：
Thehousingproblemthatweareconfrontedwithisbecomingmoreandmoreserious.Therefore，wemusttakesomeeffectivemeasurestosolveit.