一）原因
1.Anumberoffactorsareaccountableforthissituation.
Anumberoffactorsmightcontributeto(leadto)(accountfor)thephenomenon(problem).
2.Theanswertothisprobleminvolvesmanyfactors.
3.Thephenomenonmainlystemsfromthefactthat...
4.Thefactorsthatcontributetothissituationinclude...
5.Thechangein...largelyresultsfromthefactthat...
6.Wemayblame...,buttherealcausesare...
7.Partoftheexplanationsforitisthat...
Oneofthemostcommonfactors(causes)isthat...
Anothercontributingfactor(cause)is...
Perhapstheprimaryfactoristhat…
Butthefundamentalcauseisthat
二)批驳
1)Itistruethat...,butonevitalpointisbeingleftout.
2)Thereisagrainoftruthinthesestatements,buttheyignoreamore
importantfact.
3)Somepeoplesay...,butitdoesnotholdwater.
4)Manyofushavebeenundertheillusionthat...
5)Acloseexaminationwouldrevealhowridiculousthestatementis.
6)Itmakesnosensetoarguefor...
7)Toomuchstressplacedon...mayleadto...
8)Suchastatementmainlyrestsontheassumptionthat...
9)Contrarytowhatiswidelyaccepted,Imaintainthat...
三)后果
1.Itmaygiverisetoahostofproblems.
2.Theimmediateresultitproducesis...
3.Itwillexerciseaprofoundinfluenceupon...
4.Itsconsequencecanbesogreatthat...
四)举例
1)Agoodcaseinpointis...
2)Asanillustration,wemaytake...
3)Suchexamplesmightbegiveneasily.
4)...isoftencitedasanexample.
五)证明
1)Noonecandenythefactthat...
2)Theideaishardlysupportedbyfacts.
3)Unfortunately,noneoftheavailabledatashows...
4)Recentstudiesindicatethat...
5)Thereissufficientevidencetoshowthat...
6)Accordingtostatisticsprovedby...,itcanbeseenthat...
六)开篇
1)Manynationshavebeenfacedwiththeproblemof...
2)Recentlytheproblemhasbeenbroughtintofocus.
3)Recentlythephenomenonhasbecomeaheatedtopic.
4)Recentlytheissuehasarousedgreatconcernamong...
5)Nowadaysthereisagrowingconcernover...
6)Neverinourhistoryhastheideathat...beensopopular.
7)Facedwith...,quiteafewpeoplearguethat...
8)Accordingtoarecentsurvey,...
9)Withtherapiddevelopmentof...,...
七)结尾
1)Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wecandrawtheconclusionthat...
2)Itishightimethatstrictmeasuresweretakentostop...
3)Itisnecessarythatstepsshouldbetakento...
4)Inconclusion,itisimperativethat...
5)Thereisnoeasymethod,but...mightbeofsomehelp.
6)Tosolvetheabove-mentionedproblem,wemust...
7)Insummary,ifwecontinuetoignoretheabovementionedissue,moreproblemswillcropup.
8)Withtheeffortsofallpartsconcerned,theproblemwillbesolvedthoroughly.
9)Wemightdomorecause;itisimportanttotakeactionsto...
10)Takingalltheseintoaccount,we...
11)Whetheritisgoodornot/positiveornegative,onethingiscertain/clear...
TurnoffYourCellphone
提出建议型
1.Mysuggestiontodealwith/solve/relievetheproblemareasfollows.Inthefirstplace,….Secondly,….Finally,…[常见句型]
2.Ifweletthesituationgoasitis,….Bythattime,….如果让这种情况继续发展下去，那么……到那个时候…[比较好的句型]
3.Moreandmorepeoplearerealizingtheimportanceof…[进行时态，moreandmore比many好]
4.Greatefforts/Moremeasures/Dueattentionmustbetaken/paidtodo…[被动语态，dueattention和bepaidto搭配]
5.If……,willtherebeanythingthatcanmakemeevenhappier?如果(我们怎么怎么做)，那将没有比这令我更高兴的`了。[条件句，反问句]
6.Itisimportant/necessary/urgent/desirable(希望)/advisable(明智)forsb.todosth.[Itis…for…todo…句型]
7.enhancetheawarenessofpeoplethat…
8.Thefirstnutforustocrackis…我们首先要解决的是……。[比Thefirstthingweshoulddois…句型高级的多，精彩的多，生动的多]
9.sth.beoftheutmostimportance[beofn.结构，比sth.bemuchimportant好]
原因结果型
1.(结果),owingto(原因)[owingto为分词结构]
2.(结果),attributableto(原因)[attributableto为形容词短语]
3.(结果)lieinthefactthat(原因)[同位语从句]
4.(结果)resultfrom(原因)[句型一般]
5.Itispreciselybecause(原因)…that(导致结果)…[强调结构]
6.…,asaresult,…(导致结果)…[asaresult做插入语]
7.(原因)beresponsiblefor(结果)[常见句型]
8.(原因)，whichinturn(结果)eg.Theygiverisetounfaircompetition,whichinturnthrowsoriginalbusinessesintoacommercialpanic.
比较型
1.(Just)as…,so…正如…[比较句型]
eg.Justaswateristhemostimportantofliquids,soairisthemostimportantofgases.
2.inmuchthesameway/mannerthat…正如…,和…一样
eg.TheAmericansspendChristmasDayinmuchthesamewaythattheEuropeansdo.
一、经典句型
1.Accordingtoarecentsurvey,fourmillionpeopledieeachyearfromdiseasesrelatedtosmoking.
根据最近的一项调查，每年有400万人死于与吸烟相关的疾病。
2.Thelatestsurveysshowthatquiteafewchildrenhaveunpleasantassociationswithhomework.
最近的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业感到不满。
3.NoinventionhasreceivedmorepraiseandabusethanInternet.
没有一项发明像互联网这样受到如此多的表扬和批评。
4.Manyexpertspointoutthatphysicalexercisecontributesdirectlytoaperson’sphysicalfitness.
许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有利于身体健康。
5.Inviewoftheseriousnessofthisproblem,effectivemeasuresshouldbetakenbeforethingsgetworse.
考虑到问题的严重性，在事态进一步恶化之前必须采取有效的措施。
6.Propermeasuresmustbetakentolimitthenumberofforeigntouristsandgreateffortsshouldbemadetoprotectlocalenvironmentfromtheharmfuleffectsofinternationaltourism.
应该采取适当的措施限制外国旅游者的数量，努力保护当地环境不受国际旅游业的不利影响。
7.Manycityresidentscomplainthattherearesofewbusesintheircitythattheyhavetospendmuchmoretimewaitingforabus,whichisusuallycrowdedwithalargenumberofpassengers.
许多市民抱怨城市的公交车太少，以至于他们花很长时间等来的却是一辆已经载满乘客的公交车。
8.Thereisnodenyingthefactthatairpollutionisanextremelyseriousproblem:thecityauthoritiesshouldtakestrongmeasurestodealwithit.
不可否认，空气污染是一个极其严重的问题：市政部门应该采取有力措施来解决。
9.Aninvestigationshowsthatwomentendtohaveafavorableattitudetowardretirement.
一项调查显示妇女对退休持赞成态度。
10.Aproperpart-timejobdoesnotoccupystudents’toomuchtime.Infact,itisunhealthyforthemtospendalloftheirtimeonstudy.Asanoldsayinggoes：“AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy。”
一份适当的兼职工作并不会占用学生太多的时间。事实上，把全部的时间都用到学习上并不利于学生的健康。俗话说得好：“只工作不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。”
二、针对性句型
1.我深信……：Iamgreatlyconvinced(that)从句/Iamgreatlyassured(that)从句
【例】我深信预防胜于治疗。=Iamgreatlyconvincedthatpreventionisbetterthancure.
2.……是很容易证明的：Itcanbeeasilyproved(that)从句
【例】时间最珍贵是很容易证明的。=Itcanbeeasilyprovedthatnothingismorepreciousthantime。
3.……无论如何强调都不为过：...cannotbeoveremphasized
【例】交通安全的重要性无论如何强调都不为过。=Theimportanceoftrafficsafetycannotbeoveremphasized。
4.在我看来……;我认为……:Inmyopinion.../Tomymind.../AsfarasIamconcerned.../Iamoftheopinionthat从句
【例】在我看来，打电子游戏既花费时间又有损健康。=Inmyopinion,playingvideogamesnotonlytakesmuchtimebutalsoisharmfultohealth。
5.不用说……:Itgoeswithoutsayingthat从句/Needlesstosaythat从句/Itisobviousthat从句/Obviously,主语+谓语(+宾语)
【例】不用说，早睡早起是值得的。=Itgoeswithoutsayingthatitpaystokeepearlyhours。
6.……是不可能的;无法……:Thereisno+doingsth./Thereisnowayof+doingsth./Thereisnopossibilityof+doingsth./Itisimpossibletodosth./Itisoutofthequestiontodosth./Noonecan+dosth./...cannot+dosth。
【例】不可否认，事业成功的'关键在于身心健康。=Thereisnodenyingthatsuccessfulbusinessliesinahealthybodyandmind。
7.人人知晓……/毫无疑问……：Everyoneknows(that)从句/Thereisnodoubtthat从句
【例】毫无疑问，近视在我国的年青人中是一个严重的问题。=Thereisnodoubtthatnear?sightednessisaseriousproblemamongtheyouthinourcountry。
8.……是必要的：Itisnecessarythat+主语(+should)+谓语
……是重要的：Itisimportant/essential+that主语(+should)+谓语
……是适当的：Itisproperthat+主语(+should)+谓语
……是紧急的：Itisurgentthat+主语(+should)+谓语
【例】我们应当保持公共场所的清洁。=Itisproperthatwe(should)keepthepublicplacesclean。
9.据说……:Itissaidthat从句
一般认为……：Itisthoughtthat从句
众所周知……：Itisknownthat从句
据报道……：Itisreportedthat从句
一般估计……：Itisestimatedthat从句
【例】众所周知，阅读增加我们的知识，开阔我们的心胸。=Itisknownthatreadingincreasesourknowledgeandbroadensourmind。
10.……的主要原因是……:Themainreasonwhy...isthat从句
一、开头常用经典句型
(1)Althoughitiscommonlyheld(felt/accepted/agreed)that...,itisunlikelytobetruethat...
(2)Thereisanelementoftruthinthisargument/statement,butitignoresadeeperandmorebasic(important/essential)fact/reasonthat...
(3)Themain(obvious/great)problemwith/inthisargument/viewisthatitignoresthebasicfactthat...
(4)Itwouldbepossible(natural/reasonable)tothink(believe/taketheview)that...,butitwouldbewrongtoclaim/arguethat...
(5)LogicalasthisargumentandIwholeheartedlyagreewithit,itappearsabsurdwhen...istakenintoconsideration/account.
二、转承常用经典句型
(1)Althoughthepopularidea/beliefisthat...,anew/recentstudy(research/survey/investigation)shows(indicates/demonstrates)that...
(2)Onemayattribute/ascribethedecrease/changeto...,but...isnotbyitselfanadequateexplanation.
(3)Therearemany(several/anumberof/alotof)causes/reasonsforthisdramatic(remarkable/significant)growth/changein...First,...Second,...Finally,...
(4)Itwillexert(have/produce)profound(far-reaching/remarkable/considerable/beneficial/favorable/undesirable/disastrous)effect(influence)on...
(5)Amultitudeoffactorscouldaccountfor(contributeto/leadto/resultin/influence)thechange(increase/decrease/success/failure/development)in...
三、结尾常用经典句型
(1)Alltheevidence/analysissupports(justifies/confirms/warrants/pointsto)a(n)unshakable(unmistakable/sound/just)conclusionthat...
(3)Itishightimethatweshouldplace(lay/put)great(special/considerable)emphasisontheimprovement(development/increase/promotion)of...
(4)Wemustlook(search/call/cry)foranimmediateaction(method/measure),becausethepresent/currentsituation(phenomenon/tendency/state/attitude)of...,ifpermitted/allowedtocontinue/proceed,willsurely/certainlyleadto/resultin/theend(destruction/heavycost)of...
(5)Noeasymethod(solution/recipe/remedy)canbeathand(found/guaranteed)tosolve(resolve/tackle)theproblemof...,butthecommon(general/public)recognitionof(realizationof/awarenessof/commitmentto)thenecessity(importance/significance)of...mightbethefirststeptowardschange(ontherightway/intherightdirection).
一、用于驳性和比较性论文
1.Ingeneral,Idon’taGREewith
2.Inmyopinion,thispointofviewdoesn’tholdwater.
3.thechiefreasonwhy…isthat…
4.thereisnotruethat…
5.Itisnottruethat…
6.Itcanbeeasilydeniedthan…
7.Wehavenoreasontobelievethat…
8.Whatismoreseriousisthat…
9.Butitispitythat…
10.Besides,weshouldnotneglectthat…
11.Buttheproblemisnotsosimple.Therefore…
12.Othersmayfindthistobetrue,butIbelieverthat…
13.PerhapsIwasquestionwhy…
14.thereisacertainamountoftruthinthis,butwestillhaveaproblemwithregardto…
15.ThoughweareinbasicaGREementwith…,but
16.Whatseemstobethetroubleis…四六级
17.Yetdifferenceswillbefound,that’swhyIfeelthat…
18.Itwouldbereasonabletotaketheviewthat…,butitwouldbefoolishtoclaimthat…
19.thereisinfactnoreasonforussobelievethat…
20.Whatthesepeoplefailtoconsideristhat…
21.Itisonethingtoinsistthat…,itisquiteanothertoshowthat…
22.WonderfulasAis,however,ithasitsowndisadvantagestoo.
23.theadvantagesofBaremuchGREaterthanA.
24.A’sadvantagesoundsridiculouswhenB’sadvantagesaretakenintoconsideration.
二、用于描写图表和数据
1.Ithasincreasedbythreetimesascomparedwiththatof1998.
2.thereisanincreaseof20%intotalthisyear.
3.Ithasbeenincreasedbyafactorof4since1995.
4.Itwouldbeexpectedtoincrease5times.
5.thetableshowsathreetimesincreaseoverthatoflastyear.
6.Itwasdecreasedtwicethanthatoftheyear1996.
7.thetotalnumberwasloweredby10%.
8.Itrosefrom10-15percentofthetotalthisyear.
9.Comparedwith1997,itfellfrom15to10percent.四六级
10.thenumberis5timesasmuchasthatof1995.
11.Ithasdecreasedalmosttwoandhalftimes,comparedwith…
三、用于解释性和阐述性论说文
1.Everybodyknowsthat…
2.Itcanbeeasilyprovedthat…
3.Itistruethat…
4.Noonecandenythat
5.Onethingwhichisequallyimportanttotheabovementionedis…
6.thechiefreasonisthat…
7.Wemustrecognizethat…
8.thereisondoubtthat…
9.Iamoftheopinionthat…
10.Thiscanbeexpressedasfollows;四六级
11.Totake…foranexample…
12.Wehavereasontobelievethat
13.Nowthatweknowthat…
14.Amongthemostconvincingreasonsgiven,oneshouldbementioned…
15.thechangein…largelyresultsfromthefactthat
16.thereareseveralcausesforthissignificantgrowthin…,first…,second…,finally…