ithadbeenhardforhimthatspakeittohaveputmoretruthanduntruthtogetherinfewwords,thaninthatspeech.whatsoeverisdelightedinsolitude,iseitherawildbeastoragod.foritismosttrue,thatanaturalandsecrethatred,andaversationtowardssociety,inanyman,hathsomewhatofthesavagebeast;butitismostuntrue,thatitshouldhaveanycharacteratall,ofthedivinenature;eceptitproceed,notoutofapleasureinsolitude,butoutofaloveanddesiretosequesteraman鈥檚self,forahigherconversation:suchasisfoundtohavebeenfalselyandfeignedlyinsomeoftheheathen;asepimenidesthecandian,numatheroman,empedoclesthesicilian,andapolloniusoftyana;andtrulyandreally,indiversoftheancienthermitsandholyfathersofthechurch.butlittledomenperceivewhatsolitudeis,andhowfaritetendeth.foracrowdisnotcompany;andfacesarebutagalleryofpictures;andtalkbutatinklingcymbal,wherethereisnolove.thelatinadagemeetethwithitalittle:magnacivitas,magnasolitudo;becauseinagreattownfriendsarescattered;sothatthereisnotthatfellowship,forthemostpart,whichisinlessneighborhoods.butwemaygofurther,andaffirmmosttruly,thatitisamereandmiserablesolitudetowanttruefriends;withoutwhichtheworldisbutawilderness;andeveninthissensealsoofsolitude,whosoeverintheframeofhisnatureandaffections,isunfitforfriendship,hetakethitofthebeast,andnotfromhumanity.
aprincipalfruitoffriendship,istheeaseanddischargeofthefulnessandswellingsoftheheart,whichpassionsofallkindsdocauseandinduce.weknowdiseasesofstoppings,andsuffocations,arethemostdangerousinthebody;anditisnotmuchotherwiseinthemind;youmaytakesarzatoopentheliver,steeltoopenthespleen,flowersofsulphurforthelungs,castoreumforthebrain;butnoreceiptopeneththeheart,butatruefriend;towhomyoumayimpartgriefs,joys,fears,hopes,suspicions,counsels,andwhatsoeverliethuponthehearttooppressit,inakindofcivilshriftorconfession.
itisastrangethingtoobserve,howhigharategreatkingsandmonarchsdosetuponthisfruitoffriendship,whereofwespeak:sogreat,astheypurchaseit,manytimes,atthehazardoftheirownsafetyandgreatness.forprinces,inregardofthedistanceoftheirfortunefromthatoftheirsubjectsandservants,cannotgatherthisfruit,ecept(tomakethemselvescapablethereof)theyraisesomepersonstobe,asitwere,companionsandalmostequalstothemselves,whichmanytimessortethtoinconvenience.themodernlanguagesgiveuntosuchpersonsthenameoffavorites,orprivadoes;asifitwerematterofgrace,orconversation.buttheromannameattaineththetrueuseandcausethereof,namingthemparticipescurarum;foritisthatwhichtieththeknot.andweseeplainlythatthishathbeendone,notbyweakandpassionateprincesonly,butbythewisestandmostpoliticthateverreigned;whohaveoftentimesjoinedtothemselvessomeoftheirservants;whomboththemselveshavecalledfriends,andallowedotherlikewisetocalltheminthesamemanner;usingthewordwhichisreceivedbetweenprivatemen.
l.sylla,whenhecommandedrome,raisedpompey(aftersurnamedthegreat)tothatheight,thatpompeyvauntedhimselfforsylla鈥檚overmatch.forwhenhehadcarriedtheconsulshipforafriendofhis,againstthepursuitofsylla,andthatsylladidalittleresentthereat,andbegantospeakgreat,pompeyturneduponhimagain,andineffectbadehimbequiet;forthatmoremenadoredthesunrising,thanthesunsetting.withjuliuscaesar,decimusbrutushadobtainedthatinterest,ashesethimdown,inhistestament,forheirinremainder,afterhisnephew.andthiswasthemanthathadpowerwithhim,todrawhimforthtohisdeath.forwhencaesarwouldhavedischargedthesenate,inregardofsomeillpresages,andspeciallyadreamofcalpurnia;thismanliftedhimgentlybythearmoutofhischair,tellinghimhehopedhewouldnotdismissthesenate,tillhiswifehaddreamtabetterdream.anditseemethhisfavorwassogreat,asantonius,inaletterwhichisrecitedverbatiminoneofcicero鈥檚philippics,callethhimvenefica,witch;asifhehadenchantedcaesar.augustusraisedagrippa(thoughofmeanbirth)tothatheight,aswhenheconsultedwithmaecenas,aboutthemarriageofhisdaughterjulia,maecenastookthelibertytotellhim,thathemusteithermarryhisdaughtertoagrippa,ortakeawayhislife;therewasnothirdwar,hehadmadehimsogreat.withtiberiuscaesar,sejanushadascendedtothatheight,astheytwoweretermed,andreckoned,asapairoffriends.tiberiusinalettertohimsaith,haecproamicitianostranonoccultavi;andthewholesenatededicatedanaltartofriendship,astoagoddess,inrespectofthegreatdearnessoffriendship,betweenthemtwo.thelike,ormore,wasbetweenseptimiusseverusandplautianus.forheforcedhiseldestsontomarrythedaughterofplautianus;andwouldoftenmaintainplautianus,indoingaffrontstohisson;anddidwritealsoinalettertothesenate,bythesewords:ilovethemansowell,asiwishhemayover鈥搇iveme.nowiftheseprinceshadbeenasatrajan,oramarcusaurelius,amanmighthavethoughtthatthishadproceededofanabundantgoodnessofnature;butbeingmensowise,ofsuchstrengthandseverityofmind,andsoetremeloversofthemselves,asallthesewere,itprovethmostplainlythattheyfoundtheirownfelicity(thoughasgreataseverhappenedtomortalmen)butasanhalfpiece,ecepttheymoughthaveafriend,tomakeitentire;andyet,whichismore,theywereprincesthathadwives,sons,nephews;andyetallthesecouldnotsupplythecomfortoffriendship.
itisnottobeforgotten,whatcomineusobservethofhisfirstmaster,dukecharlesthehardy,namely,thathewouldcommunicatehissecretswithnone;andleastofall,thosesecretswhichtroubledhimmost.whereuponhegoethon,andsaiththattowardshislattertime,thatclosenessdidimpair,andalittleperishhisunderstanding.surelycomineusmoughthavemadethesamejudgmentalso,ifithadpleasedhim,ofhissecondmaster,lewistheeleventh,whoseclosenesswasindeedhistormentor.theparableofpythagorasisdark,buttrue;corneedito;eatnottheheart.certainlyifamanwouldgiveitahardphrase,thosethatwantfriends,toopenthemselvesuntoarecannibalsoftheirownhearts.butonethingismostadmirable(wherewithiwillconcludethisfirstfruitoffriendship),whichis,thatthiscommunicatingofaman鈥檚selftohisfriend,workstwocontraryeffects;foritredoublethjoys,andcuttethgriefsinhalves.forthereisnoman,thatimpartethhisjoystohisfriend,buthejoyeththemore;andnomanthatimpartethhisgriefstohisfriend,buthegrieveththeless.sothatitisintruth,ofoperationuponaman鈥檚mind,oflikevirtueasthealchemistsusetoattributetotheirstone,forman鈥檚body;thatitworkethallcontraryeffects,butstilltothegoodandbenefitofnature.butyetwithoutprayinginaidofalchemists,thereisamanifestimageofthis,intheordinarycourseofnature.forinbodies,unionstrengthenethandcherishethanynaturalaction;andontheotherside,weakenethanddullethanyviolentimpression:andevensoitisofminds.
thesecondfruitoffriendship,ishealthfulandsovereignfortheunderstanding,asthefirstisfortheaffections.forfriendshipmakethindeedafairdayintheaffections,fromstormandtempests;butitmakethdaylightintheunderstanding,outofdarkness,andconfusionofthoughts.neitheristhistobeunderstoodonlyoffaithfulcounsel,whichamanreceivethfromhisfriend;butbeforeyoucometothat,certainitis,thatwhosoeverhathhismindfraughtwithmanythoughts,hiswitsandunderstandingdoclarifyandbreakup,inthecommunicatinganddiscoursingwithanother;hetossethhisthoughtsmoreeasily;hemarshalleththemmoreorderly,heseethhowtheylookwhentheyareturnedintowords:finally,hewaethwiserthanhimself;andthatmorebyanhour鈥檚discourse,thanbyaday鈥檚meditation.itwaswellsaidbythemistocles,tothekingofpersia,thatspeechwaslikeclothofarras,openedandputabroad;wherebytheimagerydothappearinfigure;whereasinthoughtstheyliebutasinpacks.neitheristhissecondfruitoffriendship,inopeningtheunderstanding,restrainedonlytosuchfriendsasareabletogiveamancounsel;(theyindeedarebest;)butevenwithoutthat,amanlearnethofhimself,andbringethhisownthoughtstolight,andwhettethhiswitsasagainstastone,whichitselfcutsnot.inaword,amanwerebetterrelatehimselftoastatua,orpicture,thantosufferhisthoughtstopassinsmother.
addnow,tomakethissecondfruitoffriendshipcomplete,thatotherpoint,whichliethmoreopen,andfallethwithinvulgarobservation;whichisfaithfulcounselfromafriend.heraclitussaithwellinoneofhisenigmas,drylightiseverthebest.andcertainitis,thatthelightthatamanreceivethbycounselfromanother,isdrierandpurer,thanthatwhichcomethfromhisownunderstandingandjudgment;whichiseverinfused,anddrenched,inhisaffectionsandcustoms.soasthereisasmuchdifferencebetweenthecounsel,thatafriendgiveth,andthatamangivethhimself,asthereisbetweenthecounselofafriend,andofaflatterer.forthereisnosuchflattererasisaman鈥檚self;andthereisnosuchremedyagainstflatteryofaman鈥檚self,asthelibertyofafriend.counselisoftwosorts:theoneconcerningmanners,theotherconcerningbusiness.forthefirst,thebestpreservativetokeepthemindinhealth,isthefaithfuladmonitionofafriend.thecallingofaman鈥檚selftoastrictaccount,isamedicine,sometimetoopiercingandcorrosive.readinggoodbooksofmorality,isalittleflatanddead.observingourfaultsinothers,issometimesimproperforourcase.butthebestreceipt(best,isay,towork,andbesttotake)istheadmonitionofafriend.itisastrangethingtobehold,whatgrosserrorsandetremeabsurditiesmany(especiallyofthegreatersort)docommit,forwantofafriendtotellthemofthem;tothegreatdamagebothoftheirfameandfortune:for,asst.jamessaith,theyareasmenthatlooksometimesintoaglass,andpresentlyforgettheirownshapeandfavor.asforbusiness,amanmaythink,ifhewill,thattwoeyesseenomorethanone;orthatagamesterseethalwaysmorethanalooker鈥搊n;orthatamaninanger,isaswiseashethathathsaidoverthefourandtwentyletters;orthatamusketmaybeshotoffaswelluponthearm,asuponarest;andsuchotherfondandhighimaginations,tothinkhimselfallinall.butwhenallisdone,thehelpofgoodcounselisthatwhichsettethbusinessstraight.andifanymanthinkthathewilltakecounsel,butitshallbebypieces;askingcounselinonebusiness,ofoneman,andinanotherbusiness,ofanotherman;itiswell(thatistosay,better,perhaps,thanifheaskednoneatall);butherunnethtwodangers:one,thatheshallnotbefaithfullycounselled;foritisararething,eceptitbefromaperfectandentirefriend,tohavecounselgiven,butsuchasshallbebowedandcrookedtosomeends,whichhehath,thatgivethit.theother,thatheshallhavecounselgiven,hurtfulandunsafe(thoughwithgoodmeaning),andmiedpartlyofmischiefandpartlyofremedy;evenasifyouwouldcallaphysician,thatisthoughtgoodforthecureofthediseaseyoucomplainof,butisunacquaintedwithyourbody;andthereforemayputyouinwayforapresentcure,butoverthrowethyourhealthinsomeotherkind;andsocurethedisease,andkillthepatient.butafriendthatiswhollyacquaintedwithaman鈥檚estate,willbeware,byfurtheringanypresentbusiness,howhedashethuponotherinconvenience.andthereforerestnotuponscatteredcounsels;theywillratherdistractandmislead,thansettleanddirect.
afterthesetwonoblefruitsoffriendship(peaceintheaffections,andsupportofthejudgment),followeththelastfruit;whichislikethepomegranate,fullofmanykernels;imeanaid,andbearingapart,inallactionsandoccasions.herethebestwaytorepresenttolifethemanifolduseoffriendship,istocastandseehowmanythingsthereare,whichamancannotdohimself;andthenitwillappear,thatitwasasparingspeechoftheancients,tosay,thatafriendisanotherhimself;forthatafriendisfarmorethanhimself.menhavetheirtime,anddiemanytimes,indesireofsomethingswhichtheyprincipallytaketoheart;thebestowingofachild,thefinishingofawork,orthelike.ifamanhaveatruefriend,hemayrestalmostsecurethatthecareofthosethingswillcontinueafterhim.sothatamanhath,asitwere,twolivesinhisdesires.amanhathabody,andthatbodyisconfinedtoaplace;butwherefriendshipis,allofficesoflifeareasitweregrantedtohim,andhisdeputy.forhemayeercisethembyhisfriend.howmanythingsaretherewhichamancannot,withanyfaceorcomeliness,sayordohimself?amancanscarceallegehisownmeritswithmodesty,muchlessetolthem;amancannotsometimesbrooktosupplicateorbeg;andanumberofthelike.butallthesethingsaregraceful,inafriend鈥檚mouth,whichareblushinginaman鈥檚own.soagain,aman鈥檚personhathmanyproperrelations,whichhecannotputoff.amancannotspeaktohissonbutasafather;tohiswifebutasahusband;tohisenemybutuponterms:whereasafriendmayspeakasthecaserequires,andnotasitsortethwiththeperson.buttoenumeratethesethingswereendless;ihavegiventherule,whereamancannotfitlyplayhisownpart;ifhehavenotafriend,hemayquitthestage.
范文：CreatingaGreenCampus
Recently,withtheideaofmakingandmaintaining"agreenearth"beingthefocusofthesociety,"greencampus"hasbecomeamoreandmorepopularconceptinuniversitiesorcolleges,which,undoubtedly,willbringusanever-lastingbenefittobothourcampusandoursociety.
Theconceptof"greencampus"doesnotonlymeanagreenenvironmentbutalsoreferstoanenvironmentalsenseinpeople'smind.Campusplaysacrucialroleineducatingtheyounggenerationandtheconsciousnessof"greencampus"willdefinitelyproduceaprofoundeffectonstudents'variousenvironmentalprotectionactivitiesaftertheirgraduation.What'smore,theyounggenerationisundertheburdenofsevereenvironmentalpollutionandtherearemanyproblemswaitingforthemtosolve.
Tomake"greencampus"cometrue,firstly,itisnecessarytoworkouteffectiveprinciplesforthedevelopmentofsustainableandrecyclablecampus.Secondly,itcallsforpeople'sawarenessoftheseriouspollutionaroundusandactualactiontoreducethewaste.Lastbutnotleast,itisnecessarytostrengthenthetiesbetweencampusandsociety,soastoensurethat"greencampus"canworksmoothlywiththeco-effortofthewholesociety.