万圣节是诸圣节(AllSaints’Day)的俗称,本是天主教等基督宗教的宗教节日,时间是11月1日。天主教把诸圣节定为弥撒日,每到这一天,除非有不可抗拒的理由,否则所有信徒都要到教堂参加弥撒,缅怀已逝并升入天国的所有圣人,特别是那些天主教历史上的着名圣人。紧随诸圣节之后的是11月2日的诸灵(AllSouls’Day),这一天缅怀的则是已逝但还未升入天国的灵魂,信徒们会祈祷他们早日升天。
万圣节前夕,在每年的10月31日,是西方的传统节日。许多亚洲地区的人将万圣节前夕误称为万圣节。
万圣节前夜源自古代凯尔特民族(Celtic)的新年节庆,此时也是祭祀亡魂的时刻,在避免恶灵干扰的同时,也以食物祭拜祖灵及善灵以祈平安渡过严冬。前一天晚上(也就是万圣节前夜),小孩们会穿上化妆服,戴上面具,挨家挨户收集糖果。
HalloweenisthecommonnameofAllSaints'Day,whichisareligiousfestivaloftheCatholicchurchandotherChristianreligions.ThetimeisNovember1st.SamhainfestivalasCatholicmass,onthisday,unlessthereisirresistiblereasons,otherwiseallbelieversintothechurchtoattendmass,honorisgoneandallthesaintsfloatintothekingdomofheaven,especiallythosefamousinthehistoryoftheCatholicsaints.Afterallsaints'DayistheAllSouls'DayonNovember2,theDayofthedeadbutnotyetascendedintothespiritofheaven,andbelieverswillprayfortheirearlyascension.
OntheeveofHalloween,onthe31stofOctober,itisatraditionalwesternholiday.ManypeopleintheregionmistakeHalloweenforHalloween.
HalloweenoriginatedinancientCelticnational(Celtic)NewYearfestival,thisisalsoasacrificerevenantmoment,inavoidingtheevilspiritinterferenceatthesametime,alsowithfoodworshipofancestorsandgoodspirittoprayforpeacethroughthecoldwinter.Thenightbefore(whichisHalloween),childrenwoulddressupincostumes,wearmasksandgofromhousetohousecollectingcandy.
关于万圣节由来的传说有许多版本,最普遍的认为,那是源于基督诞生前的古西欧国家,主要包括爱尔兰、苏格兰和威尔士,这几处的古西欧人叫德鲁伊特人。德鲁伊特的新年在十一月一日,新年前夜,德鲁伊特人让年轻人集队,戴着各种怪异面具,拎着刻好的萝卜灯(南瓜灯系后期习俗,古西欧最早没有南瓜),他们游走于村落间。这在当时实则为一种秋收的庆典;也有说是“鬼节”,传说当年死去的人,灵魂会在万圣节的前夜造访人世,据说人们应该让造访的鬼魂看到圆满的收成并对鬼魂呈现出丰盛的款待。所有篝火及灯火,一来为了吓走鬼魂,同时也为鬼魂照亮路线,引导其回归。
在中世纪的中欧,曾有过__摧毁异教徒的历史。可是新年夜前的祭祀庆典从未真正消除,不过以巫术的形式出现。这也就是为什么我们现在的万圣节里,还留有巫婆的扫帚、黑猫、咒语等痕迹。
LegendsabouttheoriginofHalloweenhasmanyversions,themostcommonformofthought,thatisoriginatedfromtheancientwesternEuropeancountriesbeforethebirthofChrist,includingIreland,Scotlandandwales,whichseveraloftheancientwesternEuropeanpeoplecalleddruid.DruidintheNewYearonNovember1,NewYear'seve,thedruidwhosettheyoungteam,wearingallkindsofstrangemask,carryingcarvedturniplamp(pumpkinisalatecustoms,theancientWesternEuropeearliestnotpumpkin),theywalkinbetweenvillages.Thiswasinfactacelebrationofautumnharvest;Alsohavesay"Halloween",legendsthatyearthedead,thesoulwouldonHalloweenontheeveofavisittotheworld,itissaidthatpeopleshouldtrytovisittoseetheghostofsatisfactoryharvestandpresentagreathospitalitytotheghost.Allbonfiresandlights,tofrightenawayspirits,alsoilluminatethepathfortheghost,andguideitsreturn.
InmedievalEurope,therewasahistoryofChristiandestructionofpagans.However,sacrificesbeforeNewYear'sevehaveneverreallybeeneliminated,butintheformofwitchcraft.That'swhywehavewitches'brooms,blackcats,spellsandsoon.
大家都知道,每年的十月三十一日是万圣节,万圣节那天,每人要穿着鬼服装,你们知道这是为什么吗?哈哈,我就告诉你们吧:因为西方国家的新年在十一月,他们认为过年前一晚,有很多鬼出没,有精灵、妖精、吸血鬼等,我们穿着鬼服装,他们以为我们也是鬼,就不怕了,所以我们要穿鬼服装。
那你们知道为什么要做南瓜灯呢?我也来告诉你们吧:因为鬼要骗我们,比如说堕落天使,他们就是人类的敌人,我们在南瓜灯上刻了一个鬼脸,就是笑他们,笨蛋才会上你们当呢!
我想你们也知道了了万圣节的由来了吧!
EveryoneknowsthatHalloweenisonOctober31steveryyear,andonHalloween,everyoneisdressedinghostcostumes.Doyouknowwhy?Haha,Iwilltellyou:becausethewesternNewYearinNovember,theythinkthatthenightbeforeNewYear,therearealotofhauntedbytheghost,elves,goblins,vampires,wewearghostcostumes,theythinkweareghosts,notafraid,sowehavetowearghostcostumes.
Sowhydoyouwanttomakeajack-o'-lantern?I'lltellyou:becausetheywanttocheatus,forexamplethefallenangels,theyaretheenemyofmankind,wecarvedanimageofafaceonthepumpkin,theyisasmile,whenafoolmeetingyou!
IthinkyouknowtheoriginofHalloween!
凯尔特人(Celtic)相信太阳神帮助他们种植农作物。但是,每年太阳神都会被一个名叫Samhain的邪恶力量攻击并被囚禁六个月。Samhain,还有两个称号,分别是"LordofDead(死亡领主)"以及"PrinceofDarkness(暗黑王子)",他带着寒冷以及黑暗的冬天来到凯尔特人的土地。
凯尔特人非常害怕10月31日的夜晚,因为他们觉得这晚,有一堆邪恶灵魂潜伏在任何地方。他们在家生起火来让那些邪恶灵魂离开他们的家(上一个没有翻译的段落有一句是说火焰可以把鬼魂吓走的。)他们相信是Samhain把死人叫出来的,他们还相信Samhain会把死人变为其他东西,好像猫。凯尔特人会装着可怕的伪装来把那群邪恶灵魂赶走。(这就是万圣节的原型)
后罗马占领了凯尔特人的土地,把罗马的节日和凯尔特人10月31日的Samhain祭典合在一起,就成了现在的万圣节。
Celticbelievedthatthesungodhelpedthemgrowcrops.ButeachyearthesungodisattackedbyanevilforcecalledSamhainandspentsixmonthsincaptivity.Samhain,andtwoothertitles,"LordofDead"and"PrinceofDarkness",cametoCelticlandwithcoldanddarkwinters.
TheceltsareveryafraidofthenightofOctober31,becausetheyfeellikethere'sabunchofevilsoulslurkingeverywhere.Theysetfiretotheirhometoletevilspiritsleavetheirhomes.(thelastuntranslatedparagraphwasthattheflamescouldfrightentheghostaway.)TheybelievedSamhainhadcalledthedead,andtheybelievedthatSamhainwouldturnthedeadintosomethingelse,likeacat.Theceltswillbedisguisingtheirevilspiritswithterribledisguises.(thisistheprototypeforHalloween.)
ThenRometookovertheCelticlandsandputtheRomanholidaytogetherwiththeCelticSamhainfestivalonOctober31,anditwasnowHalloween.