英语四级听力历年真题篇1

SectionANewsReport

Directions：Inthissection，youwillhearthreenewsreports。Attheendofeachnewsreport，youwillheartwoorthreequestions。Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce。Afteryouhearaquestion，youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA），B），C）andD）。ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre。

Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

1.A)Hesetarecordbyswimmingtoandfromanisland.

B)Hecelebratedhisninthbirthdayonasmallisland.

C)Hevisitedaprisonlocatedonafarawayisland.

D)HeswamaroundanislandnearSanFrancisco.

2.A)Hedoubledthereward.

B)Hecheeredhimonalltheway.

C)Hesethimanexample.

D)HehadtheeventcoveredonTV.

Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

3.A)Toendtheone-childpolicy.

B)Toencouragelatemarriage.

C)Toincreaseworkingefficiency.

D)Togivepeoplemoretimetotravel.

4.A)Theywillnotbewelcomedbyyoungpeople.

B)Theywillhelptopopularizeearlymarriage.

C)TheywillboostChina'seconomicgrowth.

D)Theywillnotcomeintoimmediateeffect.

Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

5.A)Cleaningserviceingreatdemandallovertheworld.

B)Twoladiesgivingupwell-paidjobstodocleaning.

C)Anewcompanytocleanupthemessafterparties.

D)Cleanersgainfullyemployedatnightsandweekends.

6.A)Ittakesalotoftimetoprepare.

B)Itleavesthehouseinamess.

C)Itmakespartygoersexhausted.

D)Itcreatesnoiseandmisconduct.

7.A)HireanAustralianlawyer.

B)VisittheU.S.andCanada.

C)Settlealegaldispute.

D)Expandtheirbusiness.

SectionBConversation

Directions：Inthissection，youwillheartwolongconversations。Attheendofeachconversationsyouwillhearfourquestions。Boththeconversationsandthequestion-swillbespokenonlyonce。Afteryouhearaquestion。YoumustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA），B），C）andD）。ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

8.A)Hehadadrivinglesson.

B)Hegothisdriver'slicense.

C)Hetookthedriver'stheoryexam.

D)Hepassedthedriver'sroadtest.

9.A)Hewasnotwellprepared.

B)Hedidnotgettotheexamintime.

C)Hewasnotusedtothetestformat.

D)Hedidnotfollowthetestprocedure.

10.A)Theyaretough.

B)Theyarecostly.

C)Theyarehelpful.

D)Theyaretooshort.

11.A)Passhisroadtestthefirsttime.

B)Test-driveafewtimesonhighways.

C)Findanexperienceddrivinginstructor.

D)Earnenoughmoneyfordrivinglessons.

Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

12.A)Wherethewomanstudies.

B)TheacceptancerateatLeeds.

C)Leed'stuitionforinternationalstudents.

D)Howtoapplyforstudiesatauniversity.

13.A)ApplytoanAmericanuniversity.

B)Doresearchonhighereducation.

C)Performinafamousmusical.

D)Pursuepostgraduatestudies.

14.A)Hisfavorablerecommendations.

B)Hisoutstandingmusicaltalent.

C)Hisacademicexcellence.

D)Hisuniqueexperience.

15.A)Doamaster'sdegree.

B)SettledowninEngland.

C)Travelwidely.

D)Teachoverseas.

SectionCPassage

Directions：Inthissection，youwillhearthreepassages。Attheendofeachpassage，youwillhearthreeorfourquestions。Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce。Afteryouhearaquestion，youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA），B），C）andD）。ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

16.A)Theyhelpfarmerskeepdiseasesincheck.

B)Manyspeciesremainunknowntoscientists.

C)Onlyafewspeciescausetroubletohumans.

D)Theyliveinincrediblywell-organizedcolonies.

17.A)Theyarelargerthanmanyotherspecies.

B)Theycancausedamagetopeople'shomes.

C)Theycansurvivealongtimewithoutwater.

D)Theyliketoformcoloniesinelectricalunits.

18.A)Denythemaccesstoanyfood.

B)Keepdoorsandwindowsshut.

C)Destroytheircoloniescloseby.

D)Refrainfromeatingsugaryfood.

Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

19.A)Thefunctionofthehumanimmunesystem.

B)Thecauseofvariousauto-immunediseases.

C)Thevirusesthatmayinfectthehumanimmunesystem.

D)Thechangeinpeople'simmunesystemastheygetolder.

20.A)Reporttheirillnesses.

B)Offerbloodsamples.

C)Actasresearchassistants.

D)Helptointerviewpatients.

21.A)Strengtheningpeople'simmunitytoinfection.

B)Betterunderstandingpatients'immunesystem.

C)Helpingimproveoldpeople'shealthconditions.

D)Furtherreducingoldpatients'medicalexpenses.

Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

22.A)Hisstudentshadtroublegettingonwitheachother.

B)Alotofkidsstayedatschooltodotheirhomework.

C)Hisstudentswerestrugglingtofollowhislessons.

D)Agroupofkidswereplayingchessafterschool.

23.A)VisitachessteaminNashville.

B)Jointheschool'schessteam.

C)Participateinanationalchesscompetition.

D)Receivetrainingforachesscompetition.

24.A)Mostofthemcomefromlow-incomefamilies.

B)Manyhavebecomenationalchesschampions.

C)Acoupleofthemhavegotinvolvedincrimes.

D)Manybecamechesscoachesaftergraduation.

25.A)Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.

B)Thinktwicebeforetakingaction.

C)Translatetheirwordsintoaction.

D)Takeactionbeforeitgetstoolate.

历年英语四级练习真题篇2

PartIWriting(三十minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayaboutacoursethathasimpressedyoumostincollege.Youshouldstatethereasonsandwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA．,B．,C．andD．,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

1.A．Sheusedtobeinpoorhealth.

B．Shewaspopularamongboys.

C．Shewassomewhatoverweight.

D．Shedidn'tdowellathighschool.

2.A．Attheairport.

B．Inarestaurant.

C．Inabookingoffice.

D．Atthehotelreception.

3.A．Teachinghersonbyherself.

B．Inarestaurant.

C．Askingtheteacherforextrahelp.

D．Tellinghersonnottoworry.

4.A．Haveashortbreak.

B．Taketwoweeksoff.

C．Continueherworkoutdoors.

D．Goonvacationwiththeman.

5.A．Heistakingcareofhistwinbrother.

B．Taketwoweeksoff.

C．HeisworriedaboutRod'shealth.

D．Hehasbeeninperfectcondition.

6.A．Shesoldallherfurniturebeforeshemovedhouse.

B．Shestillkeepssomeoldfurnitureinhernewhouse.

C．Sheplanstoputallheroldfurnitureinthebasement.

D．SheboughtanewsetoffurniturefromItalylastmonth.

7.A．Thewomanwonderedwhythemandidn'treturnthebook.

B．Thewomandoesn'tseemtoknowwhatthebookisabout.

C．Thewomandoesn'tfindthebookusefulanymore.

D．Thewomanforgotlendingthebooktotheman.

8.A．Mostoftheman'sfriendsareathletes.

B．Fewpeoplesharethewoman'sopinion.

C．Themandoesn'tlooklikeasportsman.

D．Thewomandoubtstheman'sathleticability.

Questions9to12arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

9.A．Shehaspackeditinoneofherbags.

B．Sheisgoingtogetitattheairport.

C．Shehasprobablyleftitinataxi.

D．Sheisafraidthatshehaslostit.

10.A．Itendsinwinter.

B．Itwillcostheralot.

C．Itwilllastoneweek.

D．Itdependsontheweather.

11.A．Theplaneistakingoffsoon.

B．Thetaxiiswaitingforthem.

C．Theremightbeatrafficjam.

D．Thereisalotofstufftopack.

12.A．Athome.

B．Attheairport.

C．Intheman'scar.

D．Bythesideofataxi.

Questions13to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

13.A．Sheisthirstyforpromotion.

B．Shewantsamuchhighersalary.

C．Sheistiredofherpresentwork.

D．Shewantstosavetravelexpenses.

14.A．Translator.

C．Languageinstructor.

B．Travelagent.

D．Environmentalengineer.

15.A．Livelypersonalityandinquiringmind.

B．Communicationskillsandteamspirit.

C．Devotionandworkefficiency.

D．Educationandexperience.

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA．,B．,C．andD．.

ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

PassageOne

Questions16to19arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

16.A．Theycarealotaboutchildren.

B．Theyneedlookingafterintheiroldage.

C．Theywanttoenrichtheirlifeexperience.

D．Theywantchildrentokeepthemcompany.

17.A．Theyareusuallyadoptedfromdistantplaces.

B．Theirbirthinformationisusuallykeptsecret~

C．Theirbirthparentsoftentrytoconcealtheirbirthinformation.

D．Theiradoptiveparentsdon'twantthemtoknowtheirbirthparents.

18.A．Theygenerallyholdbadfeelingstowardstheirbirthparents.

B．Theydonotwanttohurtthefeelingsoftheiradoptiveparents.

C．Theyhavemixedfeelingsaboutfindingtheirnaturalparents.

D．Theyarefullyawareoftheexpensesinvolvedinthesearch.

19.A．Earlyadoptionmakesforcloserparent-childrelationship.

B．Most.peopleprefertoadoptchildrenfromoverseas.

C．Understandingisthekeytosuccessfuladoption.

D．Adoptionhasmuchtodowithlove.

PassageTwo

Questions20to22arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

20.A．Hesufferedfrommentalillness.

B．HeboughtTheWashingtonPost.

C．Heturnedafailingnewspaperintoasuccess.

D．Hewasonceareporterforamajornewspaper.

21.A．ShewasthefirstwomantoleadabigU.S.publishingcompany.

B．ShegotherfirstjobasateacherattheUniversityofChicago.

C．Shecommittedsuixidebecauseofhermentaldisorder.

D．Shetookoverherfather'spositionwhenhedied.

22.A．Peoplecametoseetheroleofwomeninthebusinessworld.

B．KatharineplayedamajorpartinreshapingAmericans'mind.

C．AmericanmediawouldbequitedifferentwithoutKatharine.

D．Katharinehadexertedanimportantinfluenceontheworld.

PassageThree

Questions23to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

23.A．It'llenablethemtoenjoythebestmedicalcare.

B．It'llallowthemtoreceivefreemedicaltreatment.

C．It'llprotectthemfrompossiblefinancialcrises.

D．It'llpreventthedoctorsfromoverchargingthem.

24.A．Theycan'timmediatelygetbackthemoneypaidfortheirmedicalcost.

B．Theyhavetogothroughverycomplicatedapplicationprocedures.

C．Theycanonlyvisitdoctorswhospeaktheirnativelanguages.

D．Theymaynotbeabletoreceivetimelymedicaltreatment.

25.A．Theydon'thavetopayforthemedicalservices.

B．Theyneedn'tpaytheentiremedicalbillatonce.

C．Theymustsendthereceiptstotheinsurancecompanypromptly.

D．Theyhavetopayamuchhigherpricetogetaninsurancepolicy.

SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Final-ly,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Moreandmoreoftheworld'spopulationarelivingintownsorcities.Thespeedatwhichcitiesaregrowinginthelessdevelopedcountriesis(26)__________.Between1920and1960bigcitiesindevelopedcountriesincreasedtwoandahalftimesinsize,butinotherpartsoftheworldthegrowthwaseighttimestheirsize.

The(27)__________sizeofgrowthisbadenough,buttherearenowalsoverydisturb-ingsignsoftroubleinthe(28)__________ofpercentagesofpeoplelivingintownsandper-centagesofpeopleworkinginindustry.Duringthenineteenthcenturycitiesgrew(29)__________thegrowthofindustry.InEuropetheproportionofpeoplelivingincitiesWasalwayssmallerthanthatoftheworkForceworkingin

,however,the(30)__________isalmostalwaystreeinthenewlyindustrialisedworld:thepercentageofpeoplelivingincitiesismuchhigherthanthepercentageworkinginindustry.

Withoutabaseofpeopleworkinginindustry,thesecitiescannot(31)__________theirgrowth;thereisnotenoughmoneytobuildadequatehousesforthepeoplethatlivethere,(32)__________thenewarrivals.Therehasbeenlittleopportunitytobuildwatersuppliesorother(33)__________So,thefiguresforthegrowthoftownsandcities(34)__________proportionalgrowthofunemploymentandunderemployment,agrowthinthenumberofhopelessand(35)__________parentsandstarvingchildren.

PartⅡIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

AsanAlaskanfisherman,TimothyJune,54,usedtothinkthathewassafefromindustrialpollutants(污染物)athishomeinHaines--atownwithapopulationof2,400peopleand4,000eagles,with8millionacresofprotectedwildlandnearby.Butinearly,Juneagreedtotakepartina36of35Americansfromsevenstates.Itwasabiomonitoringproject,inwhichpeople'sbloodandur/ne(尿)weretestedfor37ofchemicals--inthiscase,threepotentiallydangerousclassesofcompoundsfoundincommonhousehold38likefacecream,tincans,andshowercurtains.The

results--39inNovemberinareportcalled”IsItinUs?“byanenvironmentalgroup--wereratherworrying.Everyoneoftheparticipants,40fromanminoisstatesenatortoaMassachusettsminister,testedpositiveforallthreeclassesofpollutants.Andwhilethe41presenceofthesechemicalsdoesnot42indicateahealthrisk,thefactthattypicalAmericanscarrythesechemicalsatall43Juneandhisfellowparticipants.

Clearly,therearechemicalsinourbodiesthatdon't44there.Alarge,ongoingstudyconductedbytheCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionhasfound148chemicalsinAmericansofallages.

Andin,theEnvironmentalWorkingGroupfoundan45of200chemicalsinthebloodof10new-borns.”Ourbabiesarebeingbornpre-polluted,“saysSharylePattonofCommonweal,whichcosponsored”IsItinUs?Thisisgoingtobethenextbigenvironmentalissueafterclimatechange.“

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

A．analyses

B．average

C．belong

D．demonstrated

E．excess

F．extending

G．habitually

H．necessarily

I．products

J．ranging

K．released

L．shocked

M．simple

N．survey

O．traces

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

InHardEconomyforAllAges,OlderIsn'tBetter...It'sBrutal

[A]Younggraduatesareindebt,outofworkandontheirparents'couches.Peopleintheir30sand40scan'taffordtobuyhomesorhavechildren.Retireesareearningnear-zerointerestontheirsavings.

[B]Inthecurrentlistless(缺乏活力的)economy,everygenerationhasaclaimtohavingbeenmostinjured.ButtheLaborDepartment'slatestjobsreportsandotherrecentdatapresentastrongcaseforcrowningbabyboomers(二战后生育高峰期出生的人)asthegreatestvictimsoftherecessionanditsdreadfulconsequences.

[C]TheseAmericansintheir50sandearly60s--thosenearretirementagewhodonotyethaveaccesstoMedicareandSocialSecurity--havelostthemostearningspowerofanyagegroup,withtheirhouseholdincomes10percentbelowwhattheymadewhentherecoverybeganthreeyearsago,accordingtoSentierResearch,adataanalysiscompany.Theirretirementsavingsandhomevaluesfellsharplyattheworstpossibletime:justbeforetheyneededtocashout.Theyaresupportingbothagedparentsandunemployedyoung-adultchildren,earningthemtheunluckynickname”GenerationSqueeze.“

[D]Newresearchsuggeststhattheymaydiesooner,becausetheirhealth,incomesecurityandmentalwell-beingwerebattered(重创)byrecessionatacrucialtimeintheirlives.ArecentstudybyeconomistsatWellesleyCollegefoundthatpeoplewholosttheirjobsinthefewyearsbeforebecomingqualifiedforSocialSecuritylostuptothreeyearsfromtheirlifeexpectanv'y(预期寿命),largelybecausetheynolongerhadaccesstoaffordablehealthcare.

[E]UnemploymentratesforAmericansnearingretirementarefarlowerthanthoseforyoungpeople,whoarerecentlyoutofschool,withfewerskillsandashorterworkhistory.Butonceoutofajob,olderworkershaveamuchhardertimefindinganotherone.Overthelastyear,theaveragedurationofunemploymentforolderpeoplewas53weeks,comparedwith19weeksforteenagers,accordingtotheLaborDepartment'sjobsreportreleasedonFriday.

[F]Thelengthyprocessispartlybecauseolderworkersaremorelikelytohavebeenlaidofffromindustriesthataredownsizing,likemanufacturing.Comparedwiththerestofthepopulation,olderpeoplearealsomorelikelytoowntheirownhomesandbelessmobilethanrenters,whocanmovetonewjobmarkets.

[G]Olderworkersaremorelikelytohaveadisabilityofsomesort,perhapslimitingtherangeofjobsthatofferrealisticchoices.Theymayalsobelessinclined,atleastinitially,totakejobsthatpayfarlessthantheiroldpositions.

[H]Displacedboomersalsobelievetheyarevictimsofagediscrimination,becauseemployerscaneasilyfindayoung,energeticworkerwhowillacceptlowerpayandwhocanpotentiallystickaroundfordecadesratherthanafewyears.

[I]Inasurveyofolderworkerswhowerelaidoffduringtherecession,justoneinsixhadfoundanotherjob,andhalfofthatgrouphadacceptedpaycuts.14%ofthere-employedsaidthepayintheirnewjobwaslessthanhalfwhattheyearnedintheirpreviousjob.”Ijustsaytomyself:'Whyme?WhathaveIdonetodeservethis?'“saidJohnAgati,56,whoselastfull-timejob,asaproductdeveloper,endedfouryearsagowhenhisemployerwentoutofbusiness.Thatpositionpaid$90,000,andhisresumelistsjobsatcompanieslikeAmericanExpress,DisneyandUSANetworks.Sincebeinglaidoff,though,hehasworkedaseriesofpart-time,low-wage,temporarypositions,includingsellingshoesatLord&Taylorandmakingsalescallsforacarcompany.

[J]Thelastfewyearshavetakenatoilnotonlyonhisfamily'sfinances,butalsoonhisfeelingsofself-worth.”Youjustgetsad,“Mr.Agatisaid.”Iseepeoplegettingupinthemorning,goingouttotheircareersandgoinghome.IjustwishIwasdoingthat.Somepeopledon'tliketheirjobs,ortheyhaveproblemswiththeirjobs,butatleastthey'reworking.IjustwishIwasintheirshoes.“

Hesaidhecannotaffordtogobacktoschool,asmanyyoungerpeoplewithoutjobshavedone.Evenifhecouldaffordit,economistssayitisunclearwhetherolderworkerslikehimbenefitmuchfrommoreeducation.

[K]”Itjustdoesn'tmakesensetoofferretrainingforpeople55andolder,“saidDanielHamermesh,aneconomicsprofessor.”Discriminationbyage,long-termunemployment,andthefactthatthey'renowattheendofthehiringqueuejustdon'tmakeitsensibletoinvestinthem.“

[L]Manydisplacedolderworkersaretakingthismessagetoheartandleavingthelaborforceentirely.TheshareofolderpeopleapplyingforSocialSecurityearlyrosequicklyduringtherecessionaspeoplesoughtwhateverincometheycouldfind.Thepenaltytheywillpayispermanent,asretireeswhotakebenefitsatage62willreceiveasmuchas30%lessineachmonth'scheckfortherestoftheirlivesthantheywouldiftheyhadwaiteduntilfullretirementage(66forthosebornafter1942).

[M]ThosenotyetqualifiedforSocialSecurityareincreasinglyapplyingforanother,comparablekindofincomesupportthatoftengoestopeoplewhoexpectnevertoworkagain:disabilitybenefits.Morethanoneineightpeopleintheirlate50sisnowonsomeformoffederaldisabilityinsuranceprogram,accordingtoProfessorMarkDugganattheUniversityofPennsylvania'sWhartonSchool.

[N]TheveryoldestAmericans,ofcourse,werebatteredbysomeofthesameillwindsthattormented(折磨)thosenownearingretirement,butatleastthemostseniorwerecushionedbyamorereadilyavailablesocialsafetynet.Moreimportant,inastatisticaltwist,theymayhaveactuallybenefitedfromthefinancialcrisisinthemostfundamentalway:longerlives.

[O]Deathratesforpeopleover65havehistoricallyfallenduringrecessions,accordingtoaNovemberstudybyeconomistsattheUniversityofCalifornia,Davis.Why?Theresearchersarguethatweakjobmarketspushmoreworkersintoacceptingrelativelyundesirableworkatnursinghomes,leadingtobettercareforresidents.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

46.Greatermobilityputsyoungerpeopleatanadvantageinseekingnewjobs.

47.Manyoftheolderworkerslaidoffduringtherecessionhadtoacceptlowerpayintheirnewjobs.

48.Thosewholosetheirjobsshortlybeforeretirementageliveashorter-than-averagelife.

49.Seniorsatnursinghomescouldbenefitfromtheweakjobmarket.

50.Agediscriminationinemploymentmakesitpointlessretrainingolderworkers.

51.Accordingtorecentreportsanddataanalyses,boomerssuffermostfromtheweakeconomy.

52.Unemployedboomersareatadisadvantageinjob-huntingbecauseemployerstendtohireyoungerworkers.

53.Peopleintheirfiftiesandearlysixtiesbeartheheaviestfamilyburdens.

54.PeoplewhotakebenefitsfromSocialSecuritybeforeofficialretirementagewillgetmuchlessfortherestoftheirlives.

55.Olderworkers'choiceofjobscanbelimitedbecauseofdisability.

SectionC

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarked'A．,B．,C．andD．.

YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

NewYorkersaregraduallygettingusedtomorepedaling(骑车的)passengersonthoseshiningblueCitiBikes.Butwhataboutlocalbikeshops?IsCitiBikerollingupridersattheirexpense?

AtGothamBikesinTribeca,managerW.Bensaidtheshophasseenanincreaseinitsoverallsalesduetothebike-shareprogram.”It'sgettingmorepeopleontheroad,“hesaid.JamesRyan,anemployeeatDanny'sCyclesinGramercyalsosaidCitiBikeisagoodoptionforpeopletoeaseintobikinginacityfamedforitstrafficjamsandaggressivedrivers.”Theycantryoutabikewithoutcommittingtobuyingone,“hesaid.

RentalsarenotabigpartofthebusinessateitherGothamBikesorDanny'sCycles.ButforFrank'sBikeShop,asmallbusinessonGrandSt.,thebike-shareprogramhasbeenbadnews.OwnerFrankArroyosaidhisrentalbusinesshasdecreasedby90％sinceCitiBikewasrolledoutlastmonth.

Arroyo'smainrentalcustomersareEuropeantourists,whohavesincebeendrawnawaybyCitiBikes.

However,Bensaidthebike-shareisgoodforbikesalesathisshop.”Peoplehaveusedthebike-shareandrealizedhowgreatitistobikeinthecity,thendecidethattheywantsomethingnicerforthemselves,“henoted.

ChristianFarrellofWaterfrontBicycleShop,onWestSt.justnorthofChristopherSt.,saidinitiallyhewasconcernedaboutbike-share,though,headmitted,”Iwashappytoseepeopleonbikes.“

Farrell'searlyconcernswereechoedbyAndrewCrooks,ownerofNYCVelo,at64SecondAve.”Itseemedlikeagreatidea,butonethatwouldbedifficulttoimplement,“CrookssaidofCitiBike.Hesaidheworriedaboutinexperiencedriders'lackofawarenessofbildngrulesandstrongnegativereactionfromnon-cyclists.However,hesaid,it'sstilltooearlytotellffhisbusinesshasbeenimpacted.

Whileit'spossiblebike-sharewillcauseadropinbusiness,CrooksallowedthattheideaisapositivestepforwardforNewYorkCity.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

56.Whatistheauthor'schiefconcernabouttheincreasinguseofCitiBikesinNewYork?

A．Hownon-cyclistswillrespondtoit.

B．Whetherlocalbikeshopswillsuffer.

C．Whetherlocalbikebusinesseswillopposeit.

D．Howthesafetyofbikeriderscanbeensured.

57.WhathappenedtoGothamBikesasaresultofthebike-shareprogram?

A．Itfounditsbikesalesunaffected.

B．Itshifteditsbusinesstorentals.

C．Itsawitsbikesalesontherise.

D．Itrentedmorebikestotourists.

58.Whyisthebike-shareprogrambadnewsforFrank'sBikeShop?

A．Itcannotmeetthedemandofthebike-shareprogram.

B．ItscustomershavebeendrawnawaybyCitiBikes.

C．Itsbikepriceshavetobeloweredagainandagain.

D．Ithastocompetewiththecity'sbikerentalshops.

59.WhydidAndrewCrooksthinkthatthebike-shareprogramwouldbedifficulttoexecute?

A．Inexperiencedridersmightbreakbikingrules.

B．Conflictsmightariseamongbikerentalshops.

C．Trafficconditionsmightworseninthedowntownarea.

D．Therearenotenoughlanestoaccommodatethebikes.

60.WhatisthegeneralattitudeoflocalbikeshopstowardsCitiBike?

A．Wait-and-see.

B．Negative.

C．Indifferent.

D．Approving.

PassageTwo

Questions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Variousstudieshaveshownthatincreasedspendingoneducationhasnotledtomeasurableimprovementsinlearning.Between1980and,staffandteachersatU.S.publicschoolsgrewroughlytwiceasfastasstudents.Yetstudentsshowednoadditionallearninginachievementtests.

Universitiesshowsimilartrendsofincreasedadministrationpersonnelandcostswithoutgreaterlearning,asdocumentedinRichardArumandJosipaRoksa'srecentbookAcademicallyAdrift:LimitedLearningonCollegeCampuses.

Asurveyshowsthat63%ofemployerssaythatrecentcollegegraduatesdon'thavethesldllstheyneedtosucceedand25%ofemployerssaythatentry-levelwritingskillsarelacking.

Somesimplisticallyattributethedeclineinourpubliceducationsystemtothedrainofskilledstudentsbyprivateschools,butfarmoresignificanteventswereatwork.

Publicschoolsworkedwelluntilaboutthe1970s.Infact,untilthattime,publicschoolsprovidedfarbettereducationthanprivateones.Itwastheunderperformingstudentswhowerethrownoutofpublicschoolsandwenttoprivateones.

Aprominentreasonpublicschoolsdidwellwasthatmanyhighlyqualifiedwomenhadfewoptionsforworldngoutsidethehouseotherthanbeingteachersornurses.Theyacceptedrelativelylowpay,difficultworkingconditions,andgavetheirverybest.

Havingsuchalargesupplyoftalentedwomenteachersmeantthatsocietycouldpaylessfortheirservices.Women'sliberationopenedupnewprofessionalopportunitiesforwomen,and,overtime,someofthebestleftteachingasacareeroption,bringingaboutagradualdeclineinthequalityofschooling.

Alsoaroundthattime,regulations,government,andunionscametodictatepay,preventac~ustments,andintroducebureaucratic(官僚的)standardforadvancement.Largeeducationbureaucraciesandunionscametodominatethelandscape,confusingactivitywithachievement.Bureaucratsregularlyrewritecurriculums,talknonsenseabouttheoriesofeducation,andrequireevermoreadmires”trators.Theendresulthasbeenthat,afterallthespending,studentshaveworsemathandreadingskillsthanboththeirforeignpeersandearliergenerationsspendingfarlessoneducation--asalltheaccumulatingevidencenowdocuments.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答

61.WhatdowelearnfromvariousstudiesonAmerica'spubliceducation?

A．Achievementtestshavefailedtotrulyreflectthequalityofteaching.

B．Publicschools-lacktheresourcestocompetewithprivateschools.

C．Littleimprovementineducationhasresultedfromincreasedspending.

D．Thenumberofstudentshasincreasedmuchfasterthanthatofteachers.

62.Howdosomepeopleexplainthedeclineinpubliceducation?

A．Governmentinvestmentdoesnotmeetschools'needs.

B．Skilledstudentsaremovingtoprivateschools.

C．Qualifiedteachersarefarfromadequatelypaid.

D．Trainingofstudents'basicskillsisneglected.

63.Whatwasasignificantcontributortothepastgloryofpublicschools?

A．Well-behavedstudents.

B．Efficientadmirestration.

C．Talentedwomenteachers.

D．Generouspayforteachers.

64.Whydidsomeofthebestwomenteachersleaveteaching?

A．Newcareeropportunitiesweremadeavailabletothembywomen'sliberation.

B．Higheracademicrequirementsmadeitdifficultforthemtostayintheirjobs.

C．Theywereunhappywiththebureaucraticadministrationintheirschools.

D．Theheavyteachingloadsleftthemlittletimeandenergyforfamilylife.

65.Whatdoestheauthorthinkisoneoftheresultsofgovernmentinvolvementineducation?

A．Increasingemphasisontheoriesofeducation.

B．Highlystandardizedteachingmethods.

C．Students'improvedacademicperformance.

D．Anever-growingnumberofadministrators.

PartIVTranslation(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.

中国的互联网社区是全世界发展最快的。，中国约有4．2亿网民(netizen)，而且人数还在迅速增长。互联网的日渐流行带来了重大的社会变化。中国网民往往不同于美国网民。美国网民更多的是受实际需要的驱使。用互联网为工具发电子邮件、买卖商品、做研究、规划旅程或付款。中国网民更多是出于社交原因使用互联网，因而更广泛地使用论坛、博客、聊天室等。

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

1.历年英语四级真题练习

2.12月英语四级真题练习

3.12月英语四级翻译真题练习：地铁报

4.大学英语四级听力真题练习

5.英语四级写作预热练习

6.2017英语四级听力练习试题

7.英语四级作文日常练习方法

8.英语四级练习试题

9.英语四级练习题及答案

10.大学英语四级考试历年真题词汇详解

英语四级历年真题试卷篇3

206月英语四级考试真题试卷

PartIWriting(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanadvertisementonyourcampuswebsitetosellayouusedatcollege.Youradvertisementmayincludeitsbrand,specifications/features,conditionandprice,andyourcontactinformation.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)

听力音频MP3文件，点击进入听力真题页面

SectionANewsReport

Directions：Inthissection，youwillhearthreenewsreports。Attheendofeachnewsreport，youwillheartwoorthreequestions。Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce。Afteryouhearaquestion，youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA），B），C）andD）。ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre。

Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

1.A)Themajorityofdriversprefertodriveandparkthemselves.

B)Humandriversbecomeeasilydistractedortiredwhiledriving.

C)Mostdriversfeeluncertainaboutthesafetyofself-drivingcars.

D)Mostdrivershavetestdrivencarswithautomaticbrakingfeatures.

2.A)Theirdriverswouldfeelsafeaftergettingusedtotheautomaticdevices.

B)Theywouldbeunpopularwithdriverswhoonlytrusttheirownskills.

C)Theirincreasedcomfortlevelshaveboostedtheirsales.

D)Theyarenotactuallyassafeasautomakersadvertise.

Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

3.A)TheftsofsnowmobiledogsinAlaska.

B)Aseriesofinjuriestosnowmobiledrivers.

C)AttacksonsomeIditarodRacecompetitors.

D)AseriousaccidentintheAlaskasportsevent.

4.A)Hestayedbehindtolookafterhisinjureddogs.

B)HehaswontheAlaskaIditarodRacefourtimes.

C)HereceivedaminorinjuryintheIditarodRace.

D)HehasquitthecompetitioninAlaskaforgood.

Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

5.A)Itsankintotheseaduetooverloading.

B)ItranintoNicaragua'sBigCornIsland.

C)Itdisappearedbetweentwolargeislands.

D)Itturnedoverbecauseofstrongwinds.

6.A)13.

B)25.

C)30.

D)32.

7.A)Hehashelpedwiththerescueeffort.

B)Heisbeinginvestigatedbythepolice.

C)Hewasdrownedwiththepassengers.

D)Heisamongthosepeoplemissing.

SectionBConversation

Directions：Inthissection，youwillheartwolongconversations。Attheendofeachconversationsyouwillhearfourquestions。Boththeconversationsandthequestion-swillbespokenonlyonce。Afteryouhearaquestion。YoumustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA），B），C）andD）。ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

8.A)Atashoppingcentre.

B)Atacommunitycollege.

C)Atanaccountancyfirm.

D)AtanITcompany.

9.A)Helpingoutwithdatainput.

B)Arranginginterviews.

C)Sortingapplicationforms.

D)Makingphonecalls.

10.A)Heenjoysusingcomputers.

B)Heneedsthemoneybadly.

C)Hewantstoworkinthecitycentre.

D)Hehasrelevantworkingexperience.

11.A)Purchasesomebusinesssuits.

B)Learnsomecomputerlanguage.

C)Improvehisprogrammingskills.

D)Reviewsomeaccountancyterms.

Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

12.A)Theyarekeenonhightechnology.

B)Theyarepoorattechnologyskills.

C)TheyoftenlistentoNationalPublicRadio.

D)Theyfeelsuperiorinscienceandtechnology.

13.A)Japanese.

B)Germans.

C)Poles.

D)Americans.

14.A)Emailing.

B)Texting.

C)Science.

D)Literacy.

15.A)Itisundergoingadrasticreform.

B)Itlaysemphasisoncreativethinking.

C)Ithasmuchroomforimprovement.

D)Itprioritizestrainingofpracticalskills.

SectionCPassage

Directions：Inthissection，youwillhearthreepassages。Attheendofeachpassage，youwillhearthreeorfourquestions。Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce。Afteryouhearaquestion，youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA），B），C）andD）。ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

16.A)Theyhavesmallroots.

B)Theygrowwhiteflowers.

C)Theytastelikeapples.

D)TheycomefromCentralAfrica.

17.A)Theyturnedfromwhitetopurpleincolor.

B)Theybecamepopularontheworldmarket.

C)Theybecameanimportantfoodforhumans.

D)Theybegantolooklikemodern-daycarrots.

18.A)Theywerefoundquitenutritious.

B)Therewereseriousfoodshortages.

C)Peoplediscoveredtheirmedicinalvalue.

D)Farmmachineshelpedlowertheirprices.

Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

19.A)Shecouldupdateherfamilyanytimesheliked.

B)Shecouldcallupherfamilywheneversheliked

C)Shecouldlocateherfriendswherevertheywere.

D)Shecoulddownloadasmanypicturesassheliked.

20.A)Shelikedtoinformherfriendsabouthersuccess.

B)Sheenjoyedreadingherfriends'statusupdates.

C)Shefeltquitepopularamongthem.

D)Shefeltshewasateenageragain.

21.A)Shecouldbarelyrespondtoallher500Facebookfriends.

B)Shespentmoretimeupdatingherfriendsthanherfamily.

C)ShecouldbarelybalanceFacebookupdatesandherwork.

D)Shedidn'tseemtobedoingaswellasherFacebookfriends.

Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

22.A)Theyhavestrongmuscles.

B)Theylivealongerlifethanhorses.

C)Theyeatmuchlessinwinter.

D)Theycanworklongerthandonkeys.

23.A)ItwasapetofaSpanishking.

B)ItwasboughtbyGeorgeWashington.

C)ItwasbroughtoverfromSpain.

D)ItwasdonatedbyaU.S.Ambassador.

24.A)Theymetandexchangedideasonanimalbreeding.

B)Theyparticipatedinamule-drivingcompetition.

C)Theyshowedandtradedanimalsinthemarket.

D)Theyfedmuleswiththebestfoodtheycouldfind.

25.A)Thewideruseofhorses.

B)Thearrivaloftractors.

C)Ashrinkinganimaltrade.

D)Agrowingdonkeypopulation.

PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Asifyouneededanotherreasontohatethegym,itnowturnsoutthatexercisecanexhaustnotonlyyourmuscles,butalsoyoureyes.Fearnot,however,forcoffeecanstimulatethemagain.During__26__exercise,ourmusclestireastheyrunoutoffuelandbuildupwasteproducts.Muscleperformancecanalsobeaffectedbya__27__called”centralfatigue,“inwhichanimbalanceinthebody'schemicalmessengerspreventsthecentralnervoussystemfromdirectingmusclemovements__28__.Itwasnotknown,however,whethercentralfatiguemightalsoaffectmotorsystemsnotdirectly__29__intheexerciseitself,suchasthosethatmovetheeyes.Tofindout,researchersgave11volunteercyclistsacarbohydrate（碳水化合物的）__30__eitherwithamoderatedoseofcaffeine（咖啡因），whichisknowntostimulatethecentralnervoussystem,orasaplacebo（安慰剂）without,during3hoursof__31__.Afterexercising,thescientiststestedthecyclistswitheye-trackingcamerastoseehowwelltheirbrainscouldstill__32__theirvisualsystem.Theteamfoundthatexercisereducedthespeedofrapideyemovementsbyabout8%,__33__theirabilitytocapturenewvisualinformation.Thecaffeine,theequivalentoftwostrongcupsofcoffee,was__34__toreversethiseffect,withsomecyclistsevendisplaying__35__eyemovementspeeds.Soitmightbeagoodideatogetsomeoneelsetodriveyouhomeafterthatmarathon.

A)cautiouslyB)commitC)controlD)cyclingE)effectivelyF)increasedG)involvedH)limitedI)phenomenonJ)preventingK)sensitiveL)slowingM)solutionN)sufficientO)vigorous

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.EachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphsIdentifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

Teamspirit

A）Teamshavebecomethebasicbuildingblocksoforganisations.Recruitmentadvertisementsroutinelycallfor”teamplayers“.Businessschoolsgradetheirstudentsinpartontheirperformanceingroupprojects.Officemanagersknockdownwallstoencourageteambuilding.Teamsareasoldascivilisation,ofcourse:evenJesushad12co-workers.ButanewreportbyDeloitte,”GlobalHumanCapitalTrends“，basedonasurveyofmorethan7,000executivesinover130countries,suggeststhatthefashionforteamworkhasreachedanewhigh.Almosthalfofthosesurveyedsaidtheircompanieswereeitherinthemiddleofrestructuringorabouttoembarkon（开始）it;andforthemostpart,restructuringmeantputtingmoreemphasisonteams.

B）Companiesareabandoningconventionalfunctionaldepartmentsandorganisingemployeesintocross-disciplinaryteamsthatfocusonparticularproducts,problemsorcustomers.Theseteamsaregainingmorepowertoruntheirownaffairs.Theyarealsospendingmoretimeworkingwitheachotherratherthanreportingupwards.Deloittearguesthataneworganisationalformisontherise:anetworkofteamsisreplacingtheconventionalhierarchy（等级体制）.

C）Thefashionforteamsisdrivenbyasensethattheoldwayoforganisingpeopleistoorigidforboththemodernmarketplaceandtheexpectationsofemployees.Technologicalinnovationplacesgreatervalueonagility（灵活性）.JohnChambers,chairmanofCiscoSystemsInc.,aworldwideleaderinelectronicsproducts,saysthat”wecompeteagainstmarkettransitions（过渡）,notcompetitors.Producttransitionsusedtotakefiveorsevenyears;nowtheytakeoneortwo.“Digitaltechnologyalsomakesiteasierforpeopletoco-ordinatetheiractivitieswithoutresortingtohierarchy.The”millennials“（千禧一代）whowillsoonmakeuphalftheworkforceinrichcountrieswereraisedfromnurseryschoolonwardstoworkingroups.

D）Thefashionforteamsisalsospreadingfromtheusualcorporatesuspects(suchasGEandIBM)tosomemoreunusualones.TheClevelandClinic,ahospitaloperator,hasreorganiseditsmedicalstaffintoteamstofocusonparticulartreatmentareas;consultants,nursesandotherscollaboratecloselyinsteadofbeingseparatedbyspeciality（专业）andrank.TheUSArmyhasgonethesameway.Inhisbook,TeamofTeams,GeneralStanleyMcChrystaldescribeshowthearmy'shierarchicalstructurehindereditsoperationsduringtheearlystagesoftheIraqwar.Hissolutionwastolearnsomethingfromtherebelsitwasfighting:decentralisingauthoritytoself-organisingteams.

E）Agoodruleofthumbisthatassoonasgeneralsandhospitaladministratorsjumponamanagementbandwagon（追随一种管理潮流）,itistimetoaskquestions.LeighThompsonofKelloggSchoolofManagementinIllinoiswarnsthat,”Teamsarenotalwaystheanswer—teamsmayprovideinsight,creativityandknowledgeinawaythatapersonworkingindependentlycannot;butteamworkmayalsoleadtoconfusion,delayandpoordecision-making.“ThelateRichardHackmanofHarvardUniversityonceargued,”Ihavenoquestionthatwhenyouhaveateam,thepossibilityexiststhatitwillgeneratemagic,producingsomethingextraordinary...Butdon'tcountonit.“

F）Hackman（whodiedin）notedthatteamsarehinderedbyproblemsofco-ordinationandmotivationthatchipawayatthebenefitsofcollaboration.High-flyers（能干的人）whoareforcedtoworkinteamsmaybeundervaluedandfree-ridersempowered.Group-thinkmaybeunavoidable.Inastudyof120teamsofseniorexecutives,hediscoveredthatlessthan10%oftheirsupposedmembersagreedonwhoexactlywasontheteam.Ifitishardenoughtodefineateam'smembership,agreeingonitspurposeisharderstill.

G）Profoundchangesintheworkforcearemakingteamstrickiertomanage.Teamsworkbestiftheirmembershaveastrongcommonculture.Thisishardtoachievewhen,asisnowthecaseinmanybigfirms,alargeproportionofstaffaretemporarycontractors.Teamworkimproveswithtime:America'sNationalTransportationSafetyBoardfoundthat73%oftheincidentsinitscivil-aviationdatabaseoccurredonacrew'sfirstdayofflyingtogether.However,asAmyEdmondsonofHarvardpointsout,organisationsincreasinglyuse”team“asaverbratherthananoun:theyformteamsforspecificpurposesandthenquicklydisbandthem.

H）Theleastthatcanbeconcludedfromthisresearchisthatcompaniesneedtothinkharderaboutmanagingteams.Theyneedtoridtheirmindsofsentimentalism（感情用事）:themostsuccessfulteamshaveleaderswhoareabletosetanoveralldirectionandtakeimmediateaction.Theyneedtokeepteamssmallandfocused:givingintopressuretobemore”inclusive“isaguaranteeofdysfunction.JeffBezos,Amazon'sboss,saysthat”IfIseemorethantwopizzasforlunch,theteamistoobig.“Theyneedtoimmuniseteamsagainstgroup-think:Hackmanarguedthatthebestonescontain”deviant“（离经叛道者）whoarewillingtodosomethingthatmaybeupsettingtoothers.

I）Anewstudyof12,000workersin17countriesbySteelcase,afurniture-makerwhichalsodoesconsulting,findsthatthebestwaytoensureemployeesare”engaged“istogivethemmorecontroloverwhereandhowtheydotheirwork—whichmaymeanliberatingthemfromhavingtodoeverythingincollaborationwithothers.

J）However,organisationsneedtolearnsomethingbiggerthanhowtomanageteamsbetter:theyneedtobeinthehabitofaskingthemselveswhetherteamsarethebesttoolsforthejob.Team-buildingskillsareinshortsupply:Deloittereportsthatonly12%oftheexecutivestheycontactedfeeltheyunderstandthewaypeopleworktogetherinnetworksandonly21%feelconfidentintheirabilitytobuildcross-functionalteams.Looselymanagedteamscanbecomehotbedsofdistraction—employeesroutinelycomplainthattheycan'tgettheirworkdonebecausetheyareforcedtospendtoomuchtimeinmeetingsorcompelledtoworkinnoisyoffices.Evenintheageofopen-planofficesandsocialnetworkssomeworkisbestlefttotheindividual.

36.Successfulteamleadersknowexactlywheretheteamshouldgoandareabletotakepromptaction.

37.Decentralisationofauthoritywasalsofoundtobemoreeffectiveinmilitaryoperations.

38.Inmanycompanies,theconventionalformoforganisationisgivingwaytoanetworkofteams.

ofpoorlymanagedteamsareeasilydistractedfromtheirwork.

ismosteffectivewhenteammemberssharethesameculture.

41.AccordingtoareportbyDeloitte,teamworkisbecomingincreasinglypopularamongcompanies.

42.Someteammembersfindithardtoagreeonquestionslikemembershipandtheteam'spurpose.

43.Somescholarsthinkteamworkmaynotalwaysbereliable,despiteitspotentialtoworkwonders.

ensureemployees'commitment,itisadvisabletogivethemmoreflexibilityastowhereandhowtheywork.

45.Producttransitionstakemuchlesstimenowthaninthepast.

SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime，youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime，youarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Finally，whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime，youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.

PassageOne

Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

ShoppersintheUKarespendinglessmoneyontoiletpapertosavemoney,researchhasshown.

Penny-pinchingUKconsumerschoosecheaperproductsfromdiscounterssuchasAldiandLidlratherthanluxuryalternatives.

Thishaswiped6%offthevalueofthesofttissuepapermarketintheUK.Ithasshrunkfrom1.19billionpoundsin2011to1.12billionpoundsin,accordingtoanewreportfrommarketresearchcompanyMintel.Furthermore,thefutureofthemarketlooksfarfromrosy,withsalesexpectedtofallfurtherto1.11billionpoundsin.

Inthelastyearalone,despiteanincreaseintheUKpopulationandasubsequentriseinthenumberofhouseholds,salesoftoiletpaperfellby2%,withtheaveragehouseholdreducingtheirtoiletrollspendingfrom43poundsinto41poundsin2015.

Overall,almostthreeinfivepeoplesaytheytrytolimittheirusageofpaper—includingfacialtissueandkitchenroll—tosavemoney.”Strength,softnessandthicknessremaintheleadingindicatorsoftoiletpaperquality,withjustasmallproportionofconsumerspreferringmoreluxuriousalternatives,suchasthosewithflowerpatternsorperfume,“saidMintelanalystJackDuckett.”Theseextrafeaturesaredeemedunnecessarybythemajorityofshoppers,whichprobablyreflectshowthesetypesofproductsaretypicallymoreexpensivethanregulartoiletpaper,evenwhenonspecialoffer.“

Whileconsumersarespendinglessontoiletpaper,theyremainfussy—intheoryatleast—whenitcomestopaperquality.TopofBritons'toiletpaperwishlistissoftness(57%)followedbystrength(45%)andthickness(36%).

Onein10buyersranktoiletrollsmadefromrecycledpaperamongtheirtopconsiderations,highlightinghowoveralltheenvironmentismuchlessofaconsiderationforshoppersthanproductquality.Inachallengeformanufacturers,81%ofpaperproductuserssaidtheywouldconsiderbuyingrecycledtoilettissueifitwerecomparableinqualitytostandardpaper.

46.Themarketsalesoftoiletpaperhavedecreasedbecause______.

A.Britonshavecuttheirspendingonit.

B.itspriceshavegoneupovertheyears.

C.itsqualityhasseenmarkedimprovement.

D.Britonshavedevelopedthehabitofsaving.

47.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofthefutureofthetissuepapermarketintheUK?

A.Itwillexpandintime.

B.Itwillremaingloomy.

C.Itwillexperienceupsanddowns.

D.Itwillrecoveraspopulationgrows.

48.WhatdoesJackDuckettsayabouttoiletpaper?

A.Specialofferswouldpromoteitssales.

B.Consumersareloyaltocertainbrands.

C.Luxuriousfeaturesaddmuchtotheprice.

D.Consumershaveavarietytochoosefrom.

49.WhatdowelearnaboutBritonsconcerningtoiletpaper?

A.Theyareparticularaboutthequalityoftoiletpaper.

B.Theyemphasizethestrengthoftoiletpaperthemost.

C.Theyprefercheaptoiletpapertorecycledtoiletpaper.

D.Theyrejectusingtoiletpaperwithunnecessaryfeatures.

50.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

A.MoreandmoreBritonsbuyrecycledtoiletpapertoprotecttheenvironment.

B.Toiletpapermanufacturersarefacingagreatchallengeinpromotingitssales.

C.Toiletpapermanufacturerscompetewithoneanothertoimproveproductquality.

D.EnvironmentalprotectionisnotmuchofaconcernwhenBritonsbuytoiletpaper.

PassageTwo

Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

”OneofthereasonsIfindthistopicveryinterestingisbecausemymomwasasmokerwhenIwasyounger,“saysLindson-Hawley,whostudiestobaccoandhealthattheUniversityofOxford.

Bystudyingabout700adultsmokers,shefoundoutthathermomquittherightway—bystoppingabruptlyandcompletely.

Inherstudy,participantswererandomly（随机地）assignedtotwogroups.Onehadtoquitabruptlyonagivenday,goingfromaboutapackadaytozero.Theothercutdowngraduallyoverthecourseoftwoweeks.Peopleinbothgroupsusednicotine（尼古丁）patchesbeforetheyquit,inadditiontoasecondformofnicotinereplacement,likegumorspray.Theyalsohadtalktherapywithanursebeforeandafterquitday.

Sixmonthsout,morepeoplewhohadquitabruptlyhadstuckwithit—morethanone-fifthofthem,comparedtoaboutone-seventhintheothergroup.Althoughthesenumbersappearlow,itismuchhigherthanifpeopletrywithoutsupport.

Andthequitrateswereparticularlyconvincinggiventhatbeforethestudystarted,mostofthepeoplehadsaidthey'drathercutdowngraduallybeforequitting.”Ifyou'retrainingforamarathon,youwouldn'texpecttoturnupandjustbeabletorunit.AndIthinkpeopleseethatforsmokingaswell.Theythink,'Well,ifIgraduallyreduce,it'slikepractice,'“saysLindson-Hawley.Butthatwasn'tthecase.Insteadofgivingpeoplepractice,thegradualreductionlikelygavethemcravings（瘾）andwithdrawalsymptomsbeforetheyevenreachedquitday,whichcouldbewhyfewerpeopleinthatgroupactuallymadeittothatPoint.”Regardlessofyourstatedpreference,ifyou'rereadytoquit,quittingabruptlyismoreeffective,“saysDr.GabrielaFerreira.”Whenyoucanquoteaspecificnumberlikeafifthofthepatientswereabletoquit,that'scompelling.Itgivesthemtheencouragement,Ithink,toreallygoforit,“Ferreirasays.

Peoplerarelymanagetoquitthefirsttimetheytry.Butatleast,shesays,theycanmaximizetheoddsofsuccess.

51.WhatdoesLindson-Hawleysayabouthermother?

A.Shequitsmokingwithherdaughter'shelp.

B.Shesucceededinquittingsmokingabruptly.

C.Shewasalsoaresearcheroftobaccoandhealth.

D.Shestudiedthesmokingpatternsofadultsmokers.

52.WhatkindofsupportdidsmokersreceivetoquitsmokinginLindson-Hawley'sstudy?

A.Theyweregivenphysicaltraining.

B.Theywerelookedafterbyphysicians.

C.Theywereencouragedbypsychologists.

D.Theywereofferednicotinereplacements.

53.HowdoesDr.GabrielaFerreiraviewtheresultofLindson-Hawley'sexperiment?

A.Itisidealized.

B.Itisunexpected.

C.Itisencouraging.

D.Itismisleading.

54.Theideaof”amarathon“(Line2，Para.5)illustratesthepopularbeliefthatquittingsmoking_____.

A.issomethingfewcanaccomplish

B.needssomepracticefirst

C.requiresalotofpatience

D.isachallengeatthebeginning

55.Whathappenswhenpeopletrytoquitsmokinggradually?

A.Theyfinditevenmoredifficult.

B.Theyaresimplyunabletomakeit.

C.Theyshowfewerwithdrawalsymptoms.

D.Theyfeelmuchlesspainintheprocess.

PartⅣTranslation(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.

长江是亚洲最长、世界上第三长的河流。长江流经多种不同的生态系统，是诸多濒危物种的栖息地，灌溉了中国五分之一的土地。长江流域（riverbasin）居住着中国三分之一的人口。长江在中国历史、文化和经济上起着很大的作用。长江三角洲（delta）产出多大20%的中国国民生产总值。几千年来，长江一直被用于供水、运输和工业生产。长江上还坐落着世界最大的水电站。

PartⅠWriting

SaleItems—EnglishCourseBooks

SomeEnglishcoursebooksarewaitingfortheirnewowners!

ThisisacollectionofCollegeEnglishBooksrangingfrombook1tobook4withCDattachedbehind.Manyusefularticles,eitherinterestingorthoughtprovoking,areincorporatedinthebooks,followedbysomepracticalanddiversifiedexercises.Therefore,itisofgreatusetohelpyoupassCET4andcanalsobeagoodchoiceofselfstudyasidefrombeingtextbooks.Consideringbeingusedonce,franklyspeaking,theyarenotbrandnew,butwithsomenecessarynotesonthemargins.Therefore,theyarenotchargedhigh,only10yuanforeachbook.Therewillbeadiscountandasurprisegiftofferedtoyouifyoubuythemaltogether.

Englishplaysacriticallyimportantroleinourcollegestudyaswellasinsociety.Ihopeyouwon'tmissthisgoodchancetobuysomeusefulbookswithalowprice.Ifyouareinterested,pleasecallmeat12345678900.

PartⅡListeningComprehension

1.C.Mostdriversfeeluncertainaboutthesafetyofself-drivingcars.

2.A.Theirdriverswouldfeelsafeaftergettingusedtotheautomaticdevices.

3.C.AttacksonsomeIditarodracecompetitors.

4.B.HehaswontheAlaskaIditarodRacefourtimes.

5.D.Itturnedoverbecauseofstrongwinds.

6.D.32.

7.B.Heisbeinginvestigatedbythepolice.

8.C.Atanaccountancyfirm.

9.A.Helpingoutwithdatainput.

10.B.Heneedsthemoneybadly.

11.D.Reviewsomeaccountancyterms.

12.B.Theyarepoorattechnologyskills.

13.A.Japanese.

14.D.Literacy.

15.C.Ithasmuchroomforimprovement.

16.A.Theyhavesmallroots.

17.D.Theybegantolooklikemodern-daycarrots.

18.B.Therewereseriousfoodshortages.

19.A.Shecouldupdateherfamilyanytimesheliked.

20.B.Sheenjoyedreadingherfriends'statusupdates.

21.D.Shedidn'tseemtobedoingaswellasherFacebookfriends.

22.A.Theyhavestrongmuscles.

23.C.ItwasbroughtoverfromSpain.

24.C.Theyshowedandtradedanimalsinthemarket.

25.B.Thearrivaloftractors.

PartIIIReadingComprehension

26-35：OIEGMDCJNF

36-45：HDBJGAFEIC

46-55：ABCADBDCBA

PartIVTranslation

TheYangtzeRiveristhelongestinAsiaandthethirdlongestintheworld.Theriver,whichflowsthroughvariedecosystemsalongitspassage,offershabitatsformanyendangeredspeciesandprovidesirrigationfor1/5ofChina'sland.TheYangtzeRiverbasinishometo1/3ofChina'spopulation.TheriverplaysaveryimportantroleinChinahistorically,culturallyandeconomically.TheYangtzeRiverDeltacontributesupto20%ofChina'sGDP.Formillennia,theYangtzeRiverhasbeenusedforwatersupply,shipmentandindustrialactivities.Theworld'slargesthydropowerstationisalsobuiltontheriver.

历年四级作文

Part1短对话

Question1

-M：Doyourememberthewonderfulfilmonspaceexplorationwewatchedtogetherlastmonth?

-W：Sure。It’sactuallythemostimpressiveoneI’veseenonthattopic。

Q：Whatdowelearnaboutthespeakers?

Question2

-W：Areyoulookingforanythinginparticular?

-M：Yes。Mysonisgraduatingfromhighschool，andIwanttogethimsomethingspecial。

Q：Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?

Question3

-M：Miketoldmeyesterdaythathehadbeenlookinginvainforajobintheartgallery。

-W：Really?IfIrememberright，hehadachancetoworkthere，butheturneditdown。

Q：WhatdoesthewomansayaboutMike?

Question4

-W：WouldyouliketocometoSusan’sbirthdaypartytomorrowevening?

-M：I’mgoingtogivealecturetomorrow。IwishIcouldbeintwoplacesatthesametime。

Q：Whatdoesthemanmean?

Question5

-W：Aren’tyoudiscouragedbytheslowprogressyourstaffismaking?

-M：Yes。IthinkIwillgivethemadeadlineandholdthemtoit。

Q：Whatisthemanprobablygoingtodo?

Question6

-W：Excuseme。Couldyoutellmewherethevisitors’parkingis?Ileftmycarthere。

-M：Sure。It’sinLotC。Overthatway。

Q：Whatdoesthewomanwanttoknow?

Question7

-W：Youlookgreat!Nowthatyou’vetakenthosefitnessclasses。

-M：Thanks。I’veneverfeltbetterinmylife。

Q：Whatdoesthemanmean?

Question8

-W：Ireallyadmiretheefficiencyofyoursecretaries。

-M：Ourcompanyselectsonlythebest。Theyhaveaheaveworkloadandwegivethemalotofresponsibilities。

Q：Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?

Part2长对话

Conversion1

W：HiLeo，whydoyousayEnglishwouldbecometheworldlanguage?

M：Well。Foronething，it’ssocommonlyused，theonlylanguagethatisusedbymorepeopleisChinese。

W：WhyisEnglishspokenbysomanypeople?

M：It’sspokeninmanycountriesoftheworldbecauseoftheBritishempire。AndnowofcourseistheinfluenceofAmericaaswell。

W：ManystudentsfindEnglishadifficultlanguagetolearn。

M：Oh，alllanguagesaredifficulttolearn。ButEnglishdoeshavetwogreatestadvantages。

W：Whatarethey?

M：Well，firstofall，ithasaveryinternationalvocabulary。IthasmanyGerman，Dutch，French，SpanishandItalianwordsinit。SospeakersofthoselanguageswillfindmanyfamiliarwordsinEnglish。Infact，Englishhaswordsformanyotherlanguagesaswell。

W：Whyisthat?

M：Well，partlybecauseEnglishspeakershavetravelledalot，theybringbackwordswiththem。SoEnglishreallydoeshaveaninternationalvocabulary。

W：AndwhatistheotheradvantageofEnglish?

M：ItthatEnglishgrammarisreallyquiteeasy。Forexample，itdoesn’thavedozensofdifferentendingsforitsnouns，adjectivesandverbs，notlikeLatin，RussianandGermanforexample。

W：Whyisthat?

M：Well，it’squiteinterestingactually，it’sbecauseoftheFrench。WhentheFrenchruledEngland，Frenchwastheofficiallanguage，andonlythecommonpeoplespokeEnglish。Theytriedtomaketheirlanguageassimpleaspossible。Sotheymadethegrammareasier。

Questions9to11arebasedontheconversationyou’vejustheard。

Q9：WhatdoesthemansayaboutChinese?

Q10：WhatmadeEnglishawidelyusedlanguage?

Q11：WhatissaidtobespecialaboutEnglishvocabulary?

Conversation2

Man：Hello。Yes?

Woman：Hello。Isthatthesalesdepartment?

M：Yes，itis。

W：Oh，well。MynameisJaneKingsburyofGPFlimited。Weneedsomesuppliesforourdesignoffice。

M：Oh，whatsort?

W：Well，firstofall，weneedonecompletenewdrawingboard。

M：DO44orDO45?

W：Ah，Idon’tknow。What’sthedifference?

M：Well，the45costs15poundsmore。

W：Sowhat’sthetotalpricethen?

M：It’s387pounds。

W：Dosethatincludevalued-addedtax?

M：Oh，I’mnotsure。Mostofthepricesdo。Yes，Ithinkitdoes。

W：Whataretheboardsactuallymadeof?

M：Oh，Idon’tknow。Ithinkit‘sasortofplasticstuffthesedays。It’swhiteanyway。

W：Andhowlongdoesittaketodeliver?

M：Oh，Icouldn’treallysay。Itdependsonhowmuchworkwe’vegotandhowmanyotherorderstherearetosendout，youknow。

W：Ok，nowwealsowantsomedrawingpens，inkandrulers，andsomedrawingpaper。

M：Ohdear。Thegirlwhotakesallthosesuppliesisn’therethismorning。SoIcan’ttakethoseordersforyou。Ionlydotheequipmentyousee。

W：Ok，well，perhapsI’llringbacktomorrow。

M：Sodoyouwantthedrawingboardthen?

W：Oh，Ihavetothinkaboutit。Thanksverymuch。I’llletyouknow。Good-bye。

M：Thankyou。Good-bye。

Question12to15arebasedontheconversationyoujustheard。

Question12：Whatisthewoman’spurposeinmakingthephonecall?

Question13：Whatdowelearnaboutthemanfromtheconversation?

Question14：Whatdoesthemansayaboutdelivery?

Question15：Whatdoesthewomansayshewillpossiblydotomorrow?

Part3短文

短文1

Nooneknowsforsurejusthowoldkitesare。Infact，theyhavebeeninuseforcenturies。25centuriesago，kiteswerewell-knowninChina。Thesefirstkiteswereprobablymadeofwood。Theymayevenhavebeencoveredwithsilk，becausesilkwereusedalotatthattime。Earlykiteswerebuiltforcertainuses。InancientChina，theywillusetocarryropestocrossrivers。Onceacross，theropeswereteardownandwoodenbridgeswouldhangforthem。LegendtellsofoneGeneralwhoflewmusicalkitesovertheenemies’camp。Theenemyfled，believingthesoundstobethewarmingvoicesofangels。Bythe15thcentury，manypeopleflewkitesinEurope。MarcoPolomayhavebroughtthekitebackfromhisvisittoChina。Thekitehasbeenlinkedtogreatnamesandevents。Forinstance，BenjaminFranklinusedkitetoprovethelighteningelectricity。Heflewthekiteinthestorm。Hedidthisinordertodrawlighteningfromtheclouds。Hetiedametalkeyandastripofsilktothekiteline。Thesilkribbonwouldstopthelighteningfrompassingthroughhisbody。Benjamin’sideawasfirstlaughedat。Butlateron，itenlightenedtheinventionofthelighteningrod。Withsuchgrandhistory，kiteflyingisshortremainanentertainingandpopularsport。

Question16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard。

Question16：Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutkite?

Question17：WhatdidancientChineseusecatstodo?

Question18：WhydidBFfliedakiteinthestorm?

短文2

Ihavelearntmanylanguages，butI’mnotmasteredthemthewaytheprofessionalinterpreterortranslatorhas。Still，theyhaveopendoorsforme。Theyhaveallowedmetheopportunitytoseekjobsininternationalcontextsandhelpmegetthosejobs。Likemanypeoplewhohavelivedoverseasforawhile，Isimplygotcrazyaboutit。Ican’timagelivingmyprofessionalorsociallifewithoutinternationalinteractions。Since1977，IhavespentmuchmoretimeabroadthanintheUnitedStates。Ilikegoingtonewplaces，eatingnewfoodsandexperiencingnewcultures。Ifyoucanspeakthelanguage，it’seasiertogettoknowthecountryanditspeople。IfIhadthetimeandmoney。Iwouldliveforayearinasmanycountriesaspossible。Beyondmycareer，myfacilitywithlanguageshasgivenmeafewrareopportunities。Once，justafterIreturnedmyyearinVienna。IwasaskedtotranslateforaGermanjudgeatOlympiclevelhorseeventandlearnedalotaboutthesport。

InJapan，oncewhenIwasinthestudioaudienceofaTVcookingshow，IwasaskedtogouponthestageandtastethebeefdishthatwasbeingpreparedandtellwhatIthought。Theyasked”WasitasgoodasAmericanbeef?”ItwasveryexcitingformetobeonJapaneseTV，speakinginJapaneseabouthowdeliciousthebeefwas。

Questions19to22arebasedonthepassageyou’vejustheard。

Question19Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutherself?

Question20Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutmanypeoplewhohavelivedoverseasforawhile?

Question21HowdidthespeakerexperienceoflivinginViennabenefither?

Question22WhatwasthespeakeraskedtodointheJapanesestudio?

短文3

Dr。BenCarsengrewupinapoorsingleparenthouse-holdinDetroit。Hismother，whohadonlya3rdgradeeducationheldstwojobscleaningbathrooms。Tohisclassmatesandeventohis

teachershewasthoughtofasthedummestkidinhisclass。Accordingtohisownnotsofondmemories。

Hehadaterribletemper，andoncethreatenedtokillanotherchild。Dr。Carsenwasheadeddownpartofselddistractionuntilacriticalmomentinhisyouth。Hismotherconvincedthathehadtodosomethingdramaticpreventingleadingalifeoffailurelaiddownsomerules。Hecouldnot

watchtelevisionexceptfortwoprogramsaweek，couldnotplaywithhisfriendsafterschool

untilhefinishedhishomework。Andhadtoreadtwobooksaweek，andwritebookreportsaboutthem。Hismother’sstrategyworked。“Ofcourse，Ididn’tknowshecouldn’tread。SothereIwas

submittingthesereports。”hesaid。Shewouldputcheckmarksonthemlikeshehadbeenreadingthem。AsIbegantoreadaboutscientists，economistsandphilosophers。Istartedimagingmyselfintheirshoes。Ashegotintothehobbitofhardwork，hisgradebegantosoar。UltimatelyhereceivedascholarshiptoattendingYale

University，andlaterhewasadmittedtotheUniversityofMichiganMedicalSchool。

HeisnowaleadingsurgeonatJohnsHopkinsMedicalSchoolandheisalsotheauthorofthethreebooks。

Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyou’vejustheard。

Q23WhatdowelearnaboutBenCarsen?

Q24WhatdidBenCaren’sclassmatesandteachersthinkofhimwhenhewasfirstatschool?

Q25WhatdidBenCarsen’smothertellhimtodowhenhewasaschoolboy?

Part4听写题

Whenyoulookupatthenightsky，whatdoyousee?Thereareotherheavenlybodiesouttherebesidesthemoonandstars。Oneofthemostfascinatingofthisisacomet。Cometswereformedaroundthesametheearthwasformed。Theyaremadeupoficeandotherfrozenliquidsandgasses。Nowandthenthesedirtysnowballsbegintoorbitthesunjustastheplanetsdo。Asacometgetsclosertothesun。Somegassesinitbegintounfreeze。Theycombinewithdustparticlesfromthecomettoformahugecloud。Asthecometgetsevennearertothesunandsolarwindblowsthecloudbehindthecometthusformingitstail。Thetailandgenerallyfuzzyatmospherearoundthecometarecharacteristicsthatcanhelpidentifythisphenomenoninthenightsky。Inanygivenyear，aboutdozenknowncometscomeclosetothesunintheirorbits。Theaveragepersoncan’tseethemallofcourse。Usuallythereisonlyoneortwoayearbrightenoughtobeseenwiththenakedeye。CometHale-Boppdiscoveredin1995wasanunusuallybrightcomet。Itsorbitboughtrelativelytotheearthwithin122millionmilesofit。ButHale-Boppcamealongwayonitsearthlyvisit。Itwon’tbebackforanother4thousandyearsorso。

历年英语四级真题解析篇5

6月英语四级真题试卷

PartIWriting(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthefollowingtopic.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.

Supposeaforeignfriendofyoursiscomingtovisityourhometown,whatisthemostinterestingplaceyouwouldliketotakehim/hertoseeandwhy?

PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

1.A)Seeadoctoraboutherstrainedshoulder.

B)Usealaddertohelpherreachthetea.

C)Replacethecupboardwithanewone.

D)Placetheteaonalowershelfnexttime.

2.A)AtMaryJohnson’s.C)Inanexhibitionhall.

B)Atapainter’sstudio.D)Outsideanartgallery.

3.A)Theteacherevaluatedlacksteachingexperience.

B)Shedoesnotquiteagreewithwhatthemansaid.

C)Themanhadbettertalkwiththestudentshimself.

D)Newstudentsusuallycannotofferafairevaluation.

4.A)HehelpedDorisbuildupthefurniture.

B)Dorishelpedhimarrangethefurniture.

C)Dorisfixedupsomeofthebookshelves.

D)Hewasgoodatassemblingbookshelves.

5.A)Hedoesn’tgetonwiththeothers.C)Hehasbeentakenforafool.

B)Hedoesn’tfeelateaseinthefirm.D)Hehasfoundabetterposition.

6.A)Theyshouldfinishtheworkassoonaspossible.

B)Hewillcontinuetoworkinthegardenhimself.

C)Heistiredofdoinggardeningonweekends.

D)Theycanhireagardenertodothework.

7.A)Themanhastogetridoftheusedfurniture.

B)Theman’sapartmentisreadyforrent.

C)Thefurnitureiscoveredwithlotsofdust.

D)Thefurniturethemanboughtisinexpensive.

8.A)Themanwillgivethemechanicacall.

B)Thewomaniswaitingforacall.

C)Thewomanisdoingsomerepairs.

D)Themanknowsthemechanicverywell.

Questions9to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

9.A)Shehadajobinterviewtoattend.

B)Shewasbusyfinishingherproject.

C)Shehadtoattendanimportantmeeting.

D)Shewasinthemiddleofwritinganessay.

10.A)Accompanyherroommatetotheclassroom.

B)Handinherroommate’sapplicationform.

C)Submitherroommate’sassignment.

D)Helpherroommatewithherreport.

11.A)WhereDr.Ellis’sofficeislocated.C)Directionstotheclassroombuilding.

B)WhenDr.Ellisleaveshisoffice.D)Dr.Ellis’sschedulefortheafternoon.

Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

12.A)Hefindsitratherstressful.C)Hecanhandleitquitewell.

B)Heisthinkingofquittingit.D)Hehastoworkextrahours.

13.A)The6:00one.C)The7:00one.

B)The6:30one.D)The7:30one.

14.A)Itisanawfulwasteoftime.

B)Hefindsitratherunbearable.

C)Thetimeonthetrainisenjoyable.

D)Itissomethingdifficulttogetusedto.

15.A)Readingnewspapers.C)Listeningtothedailynews.

B)Chattingwithfriends.D)Planningtheday’swork.

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

PassageOne

Questions16to18arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

16.A)Ignoresmalldetailswhilereading.

B)Readatleastseveralchaptersatonesitting.

C)Developahabitofreadingcritically.

D)Getkeyinformationbyreadingjustonceortwice.

17.A)Chooseone’sownsystemofmarking.

B)Underlinethekeywordsandphrases.

C)Makeasfewmarksaspossible.

D)Highlightdetailsinaredcolor.

18.A)Byreadingthetextbookscarefullyagain.

B)Byreviewingonlythemarkedparts.

C)Byfocusingonthenotesinthemargins.

D)Bycomparingnoteswiththeirclassmates.

PassageTwo

Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

19.A)Thesleepapersonneedsvariesfromdaytoday.

B)Theamountofsleepforeachpersonissimilar.

C)Onecangetbywithacoupleofhoursofsleep.

D)Everybodyneedssomesleepforsurvival.

20.A)Itisamade-upstory.C)Itisarareexception.

B)Itisbeyondcure.D)Itisduetoanaccident.

21.A)Hisextraordinaryphysicalcondition.

B)Hismother’sinjuryjustbeforehisbirth.

C)Theuniquesurroundingsofhislivingplace.

D)Theresthegotfromsittinginarockingchair.

PassageThree

Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

22.A)SheinvestedinstocksandsharesonWallStreet.

B)Shelearnedtowriteforfinancialnewspapers.

C)Shedevelopedastronginterestinfinance.

D)Shetenderlylookedafterhersickmother.

23.A)Shemadeawiseinvestmentinrealestate.

B)Shesoldtherestaurantwithasubstantialprofit.

C)Shegot1.5milliondollarsfromherex-husband.

D)Sheinheritedabigfortunefromherfather.

24.A)Shewasextremelymeanwithhermoney.

B)Shewasdishonestinbusinessdealings.

C)Shefrequentlyill-treatedheremployees.

D)Sheabusedanimalsincludingherpetdog.

25.A)Shemadeabigfortunefromwiseinvestment.

B)Shebuiltahospitalwithhermother’smoney.

C)Shemadehugedonationstocharities.

D)Shecarriedonherfamily’stradition.

SectionC

Direction:Inthesection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Amongthekindsofsocialgesturesmostsignificantforsecond-languageteachersarethosewhichare(26)______informbutdifferentinmeaninginthetwocultures.Forexample,aColombianwhowantssomeoneto(27)______himoftensignalswithahandmovementinwhichallthefingersofonehand,cupped,pointdownwardastheymoverapidly(28)_______.SpeakersorEnglishhaveasimilargesturethroughthehandmaynotbecuppedandthefingersmaybeheldmoreloosely,butforthemthegesturemeansgoodbyeorgoaway,quitethe(29)______oftheColombiangesture.Again,inColombian,aspeakerofEnglishwouldhavetoknowthatwhenhe(30)________heighthemostchoosebetweendifferentgesturesdependingonwhetherheis(31)_______ahumanbeingorananimal.Ifhekeepsthepalmofthehand(32)_________thefloor,ashewouldinhisownculturewhenmakingknowntheheightofachild,forexample,hewillverylikelybegreetedbylaughter,inColombiathisgestureis(33)_________forthedescriptionofanimals.Inordertodescribehumanbeingsheshouldkeepthepalmofhishand(34)_________tothefloor.Substitutionsofonegesturefortheotheroftencreatenotonlyhumorousbutalso(35)________moment.Inbothoftheexamplesabove,speakersfromtwodifferentcultureshavethesamegesture,physically,butitsmeaningdifferssharply.

PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

ManyBrazilianscannotread.In,aquarterofthoseaged15andolderwerefunctionallyilliterate(文盲).Many36donotwantto.Onlyoneliterateadultinthreereadsbooks.The37Brazilianreads1.8non-academicbooksayear,lessthanhalfthefigureinEuropeandtheUnitedStates.Inarecentsurvey.ofreadinghabits,Brazilianscame27thoutof30countries.Argentines,theirneighbors,3818th.

Thegovernmentandbusinessesareallstrugglingindifferentwaystochangethis.OnMarch13thegovernment39aNationalPlanforBooksandReading.Thisseekstoboostreading,byfoundinglibrariesandfinancingpublishersamongotherthings.

Onediscouragementtoreadingisthatbooksare40.Mostbookshavesmallprint-runs,pushinguptheirprice.

ButBrazilians'indifferencetobookshasdeeperroots.Centuriesofslaverymeantthecountiesleaderslong41education.Primaryschoolingbecameuniversalonlyinthe1990s.

AllthismeBrazil’sbookmarkethasthebiggestgrowth42inthewesternworld.

Butreadingisadifficulthabittoform.Braziliansboughtfewerbooksin,89million,includingtextbooks43bythegovernment,thantheydidin1991.LastyearthedirectorofBrazil'snationallibrary44.Hecomplainedthathehadhalfthelibrariansheneededandtermites(白蚁）hadeatenmuchofthe45.Thatoughttobeacausefornationalshame.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

A)average

B)collection

C)distributed

D)exhibition

E)expensive

F)launched

G)named

H)neglected

I)normal

J)particularly

K)potential

L)quit

M)ranked

N)simply

O)treasured

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.EachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphsIdentifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

TheTouch-ScreenGeneration

A)Onachillydaylastspring,afewdozendevelopersofchildren’sapps（应用程序）forphonesandtablets（平板电脑）gatheredatanoldbeachresortinMonterey,California,toshowofftheirgames.ThegatheringwasorganizedbyWarrenBuckleitner,alongtimereviewerofinteractivechildren’smedia.Buckleitnerspentthebreakstestingwhetherhisownremote-controlhelicoptercouldreachthehall'ssecondstory,whilevariouschildrenwhohadcomewiththeirparentslookedupinawe（敬畏）anddelight.Butmostlytheylookeddown,attheiPadsandothertabletsdisplayedaroundthehalllikesomanyopenboxesofcandy.Iwalkedaroundandtalkedwithdevelopers,andseveralquotedafamoussayingofMariaMontessori’s,“Thehandsaretheinstrumentsofman’sintelligence.”

B)What,really,wouldMariaMontessorihavemadeofthisscene?The30orsochildrenherewerenotdownattheshorepoking（戳）theirfingersinthesandorrunningthemalongstonesorpickingseashells.Insteadtheywereallinside,aloneoringroupsoftwoorthree,theirfacesafewinchesfromascreen,theirhandsdoingthingsMontessorisurelydidnotimagine.

C)In,theAmericanAcademyofPediatricsupdateditspolicyonveryyoungchildrenandmedia.In,thegrouphaddiscouragedtelevisionviewingforchildrenyoungerthan2,citingresearchonbraindevelopmentthatshowedthisagegroup’scriticalneedfor“directinteractionswithparentsandothersignificantcaregivers.”Theupdatedreportbeganbyacknowledgingthatthingshadchangedsignificantlysincethen.In,90%ofparentssaidthattheirchildrenyoungerthan2consumedsomeformofelectronicmedia.Nevertheless,thegrouptooklargelythesameapproachitdidin1999,uniformlydiscouragingpassivemediause,onanytypeofscreen,forthesekids.(Forolderchildren,theacademynoted,“high-qualityprograms”couldhave“educationalbenefits.”)The2011reportmentioned“smartcellphone”and“newscreen”technologies,butdidnotaddressinteractiveapps.Nordiditbringupthepossibilitythathaslikelyoccurredtothose90%ofAmericanparentsthatsomegoodmightcomefromthoselittleswiping（在电子产品上刷）fingers.

D)Ihadcometothedevelopers’conferencepartlybecauseIhopedthatthisparticularsetofparents,enthusiasticastheywereaboutinteractivemedia,mighthelpmeoutofthisproblem,thattheymightoffersomeguidingprincipleforAmericanparentswhoareclearlynevergoingtomeettheacademy’sideals,andatsomeleveldonotwantto.Perhapsthisgroupwouldbeabletoexpressclearlysomebenefitsofthenewtechnologythatthemorecautiousdoctorsweren’treadytoaddress.

E)IfellintoconversationwithawomanwhohadhelpeddevelopMontessoriLetterSounds,anappthatteachespreschoolerstheMontessorimethodsofspelling.ShewasaformerMontessoriteacherandamotheroffour.Imyselfhavethreechildrenwhoareallfansofthetouchscreen.Whatgamesdidherkidsliketoplay,Iasked,hopingforsuggestionsIcouldtakehome.

“Theydon’tplayallthatmuch.”

Really?Whynot?

“BecauseIdon’tallowit.Wehavearuleofnoscreentimeduringtheweek,unlessit’sclearly

educational.”

Noscreentime?Noneatall?Thatseemsattheouteredgeofrestrictive,evenbythestandardsof

overcontrollingparents.

“Ontheweekends,theycanplay.Igivethemalimitofhalfanhourandthenstop.Enough.”

F)HeranswersosurprisedmethatIdecidedtoasksomeoftheotherdeveloperswhowerealsoparentswhattheirdomesticgroundrulesforscreentimewere.Onesaidonlyonairplanesandlongcarrides.AnothersaidWednesdaysandweekends,forhalfanhour.Themostpermissivesaidhalfanhouraday,whichwasaboutmyruleathome.AtonepointIsatwithoneofthebiggestdevelopersofe-bookappsforkids,andhisfamily.Thesmallkidwasstartingtofussinherhighchair,sothemomstuckaniPadinfrontofherandplayedashortmoviesoeveryoneelsecouldenjoytheirlunch.Whenshesawmewatching,shegavemetheuniversaltenselookofmotherswhofeeltheyarebeingjudged.“Athome,”sheassuredme,“IonlyletherwatchmoviesinSpanish.’’

G)Bytheirreactions,theseparentsmademeunderstandtheproblemofourage:astechnologybecomesalmosteverywhereinourlives.Americanparentsarebecomingmore,notless,distrustfulofwhatitmightbedoingtotheirchildren.Technologicalabilityhasnot,forparents,translatedintocomfortandease.Ontheonehand,parentswanttheirchildrentoswimexpertlyinthedigitalstreamthattheywillhavetonavigate（航行）alltheirlives;ontheotherhand,theyfearthattoomuchdigitalmedia,tooearly,willsinkthem.Parentsenduptreatingtabletsasprecisionsurgical（外科的）instruments,devicesthatmightperformmiraclesfortheirchild'sIQandhelphimwinsomegreatroboticscompetition—butonlyiftheyareusedjustso.Otherwise,theirchildcouldenduponeofthosesad,palecreatureswhocan’tmakeeyecontactandhasagirlfriendwholivesonlyinthevirtualworld.

H)NormanRockwell,a20th-centuryartist,neverpaintedBoySwipingFingeronScreen,andourownvisionofaperfectchildhoodhasneverbeenadjustedtoaccommodatethatnow-commonscene.Addtothatourmodernfearthateveryparentingdecisionmayhavelastingconsequences-thateveryminuteofenrichmentlostormindlessentertainmentindulged（放纵的）willadduptosomepermanenthandicap（障碍）inthefuture—andyouhavedeepguiltandconfusion.Todate,nobodyofresearchhasprovedthattheiPadwillmakeyourpreschoolersmarterorteachhertospeakChinese,oralternativelythatitwillrusthernervoussystemthedevicehasbeenoutforonlythreeyears,notmuchmorethanthetimeittakessomeacademicstofindfundingandgatherresearchsubjects.Sowhatisaparenttodo?

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

46.Theauthorattendedtheconference,hopingtofindsomeguidingprinciplesforparentingintheelectronicage.

47.Americanparentsarebecomingmoredoubtfulaboutthebenefitstechnologyissaidtobringtotheirchildren.

48.Someexpertsbelievethathumanintelligencedevelopsbytheuseofhands.

49.TheauthorfoundaformerMontessoriteacherexercisingstrictcontroloverherkids,screentime.

50.Researchshowsinteractionwithpeopleiskeytobabies’braindevelopment.

51.SofartherehasbeennoscientificproofoftheeducationalbenefitsofiPads.

52.Americanparentsworrythatoveruseoftabletswillcreateproblemswiththeirkids’interpersonalrelationships.

53.Theauthorexpecteddevelopersofchildren'sappstospecifythebenefitsofthenewtechnology.

54.ThekidsatthegatheringweremorefascinatedbytheiPadsthanbythehelicopter.

55.Theauthorpermitsherchildrentousethescreenforatmosthalfanhouraday.

SectionC

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Whenyoungwomenwerefoundtomakeonly82percentofwhattheirmalepeersdojustoneyearoutofcollege,manywereatalosstoexplainit.

Allthetraditionalreasonsputforwardtointerpretthepaygap—thatwomenfallbehindwhentheyleavetheworkforcetoraisekids,forexample,orthattheydon’tseekasmanymanagementroles—failedtojustifythisone.Theseyoungwomendidn’thavekidsyet.Andbecausetheywerejustoneyearremovedfromtheirundergraduatedegrees,fewofthesewomenyethadthechancetogoafter(muchlessdecline)leadershiproles.

Butthereareotherreasonswhythepaygapremainssopersistent.Thefirstisthatnomatterhowmanywomenmaybegettingcollegedegrees,theuniversityexperienceisstillanunequalone.Thesecondisthatourhighereducationsystemisnotdesignedtofocusontheeconomicconsequencesofourstudents’yearsoncampus.

Nowthatwomenarcthemajorityofcollegestudentsandsurpassmeninboththenumberofundergraduateandadvanceddegreesawarded,onemightthinkthecollegecampusisaprettyequalplace.Itisnot.Studiesshowthatwhilegirlsdobetterthanboysinhighschool,theystarttotrailoffduringtheircollegeyears.Theyenrollindifferentkindsofclasses,tendtomajorinlessrigorous（非常严格的）subjects,andgenerallyheadoffwithlessambitiousplans.

Asaresult,it'snotsurprisingthateventhebesteducatedyoungwomenentertheworkplacewithaslightdisadvantage.Theircollegeexperienceleavesthemsomewhatconfused,stillstumbling（栽倒）overthedilemmastheirgrandmothers'generationsoughttodestroy.Aretheysupposedtobeprettyorsmart?Strongorsexy（性感的）?Alltheirlives,today'syoungwomenhavebeenpushedtoembracebothperfectionandpassiontopursuescienceandsports,mathandtheateranddoitallaswellastheypossiblycan.Nowondertheyarenotnegotiatingforhighersalariesassoonastheygetoutofschool.Theyaretooexhausted,andtooscaredoffailing.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

56.Traditionally,itisbelievedthatwomenearnlessthanmenbecause_________.

A)theyhavefailedtotakeasmanyrigorouscourses

B)theydonotfeelasfitformanagementroles

C)theyfeelobligedtotakecareoftheirkidsathome

D)theydonotexhibittheneededleadershipqualities

57.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutAmerica'shighereducationsystem?

A)Itdoesnotofferspecificcareercounselingtowomen.

B)Itdoesnotconsideritseconomicimpactongraduates.

C)Itdoesnottakecareofwomenstudents'specialneeds.

D)Itdoesnotencouragewomentotakerigoroussubjects.

58.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttoday'scollegeexperience?

A)Itisdifferentformaleandfemalestudents.

B)Itisnotthesameasthatofearliergenerations.

C)Itismoreexhaustingthanmostwomenexpect.

D)ItisnotsosatisfyingtomanyAmericanstudents.

59.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutwomenstudentsincollege?

A)Theyhavenoideahowtobringouttheirbest.

B)Theydropacoursewhentheyfindittoorigorous.

C)Theyarenotaspracticalasmeninchoosingcourses.

D)Theydon'tperformaswellastheydidinhighschool.

60.Howdoestheauthorexplainthepaygapbetweenmenandwomenfreshfromcollege?

A)Womenarctoowornouttobeambitious.

B)Womenarenotreadytotakemanagementroles.

C)Womenarecaughtbetweencareerandfamily.

D)Womenarenotgoodatnegotiatingsalaries.

PassageTwo

Questions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Readingleadershipliterature,you’dsometimesthinkthateveryonehasthepotentialtobeaneffectiveleader.

Idon’tbelievethattobetrue.Infact,IsecwayfewertrulyeffectiveleadersthanIseepeoplestuckinpositionsofleadershipwhoarcsadlyincompetentandseriouslymisguidedabouttheirownabilities.

Partofthereasonthishappensisalackofhonestself-assessmentbythosewhoaspireto(追求）leadershipinthefirstplace.

We'veallmetthetypeofindividualwhosimplymusttakecharge.Whetherit'sadecision-makingsession,abasketballgame,orafamilyouting,theycan'thelpgrabbingtheleaddogpositionandclingingontoitfordearlife.Theybelievethey'renaturalbornleaders.

Truthis,they'renothingofthesort.Trueleadersdon'tassumethatit'stheirdivine（神圣的）righttotakechargeeverytimetwoormorepeoplegettogether.Quitetheopposite.Agreatleaderwillassesseachsituationonitsmerits,andwillonlytakechargewhentheirposition,thesituation,andortheneedsofthemomentdemandit.

Manybusinessexecutivesconfuseleadershipwithaction.Theybelievethatconstantmotionsomehowgeneratesleadershipasabyproduct.Facedwithanysituationthatcan’tbesolvedbythesheerforceofactivity,theygenerateadustcloudofimpatience.Theironeleadershiptoolisvolume:iftheythinkyouaren'tworkingashardastheythinkyoushould,theirdemandsbecomeincreasinglylouderandharsher.

Trueleadersunderstandthevalueofaction,ofcourse,butitisn’ttheironlytool.Infact,itisn’tevertheirprimarytool.Greatleadersseemorethaneveryoneelse:answers,solutions,patterns,problems,opportunities.Theyknowit’svitallyimportanttodo,buttheyalsoknowthatthinking,understanding,reflectionandinterpretationareequallyimportant.

Ifyou'retooconcernedwithoutcomestotheextentthatyoumanipulateandintimidateotherstoachievethoseoutcomes,thenyouaren'tleadingatall,you'redictating.Atrueleaderissomeonewhodevelopshisorherteamsothattheycananddohittheirtargetsandachievetheirgoals.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

61.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftheleadersheknows?

A)Manyofthemareusedtotakingcharge.

B)Fewofthemareequaltotheirpositions.

C)Manyofthemfailtofullydeveloptheirpotential.

D)Fewofthemarefamiliarwithleadershipliterature.

62.Whyaresomepeopleeagertogrableadershippositions?

A)Theybelievetheyhavethenaturalgifttolead.

B)Theybelieveinwhatleadershipliteraturesays.

C)Theyhaveprovedcompetentinmanysituations.

DTheyderivegreatsatisfactionfrombeingleaders.

63.Whatcharacterizesagreatleaderaccordingtotheauthor?

A)Beingabletotakepromptactionwhenchancespresentthemselves.

B)Havingawhole-hearteddedicationtotheirdivineresponsibilities.

C)Havingafullunderstandingoftheirownmeritsandweaknesses.

D)Beingabletoassessthesituationcarefullybeforetakingcharge.

64.Howwillmanybusinessexecutivesrespondwhentheircommandfailstogenerateaction?

A)Theyreassessthesituationathand.C)Theyresorttoanytoolavailable.

B)Theybecomeimpatientandrude.D)Theyblametheirteammembers.

65.Whatistheauthor’sadvicetoleaders?

A)Concentrateononespecifictaskatatime.

B)Usedifferenttoolstoachievedifferentgoals.

C)Buildupastrongteamtoachievetheirgoals.

D)Showdeterminationwhenfacedwithtoughtasks.

PartⅣTranslation(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.

中国应进一步发展核能，因为核电目前只占其总发电量的2%。该比例在所有核国家中居第30位，几乎是最低的。

3月日本核电站事故后，中国的核能开发停了下来，中止审批新的核电站，并开展全国性的核安全险查。到10月，审批才又谨慎地恢复。

随着技术和安全措施的改进，发生核事故的可能性完全可以降到最低程度。换句话说，核能是可以安全开发和利用的。

部分真题参考答案(完整版)

PartⅠWriting

ATourtoMountTai

Iamdelightedtolearnthatmyforeignfriend,Bill,isgoingtotakevacationinmyhometown.ForthesakeofhishospitalityIenjoyedinEngland,Iwillshowhimaroundthelandscape,amongwhichMountTaiunquestion-ablyonthetopofmylist.

Centuriesago,atthesummitofthemountain,Confuciusexclaimedthattheworldwassmall;inmoderntimes,everyoneisboundtoappreciateitsspectacularityandsacredness.MountTaiismorethanamountain;itisaplacewhichsymbolizeshopeandauspiciousness,embodyingprofoundculture.Furthermore,MountTaiisconsideredtobescaredtothepointwherealmosteveryancientChineseemperorcameheretomakeofferingstoHeavenandEarth,prayingforaprosperouscountryandapeacefullivingenvironment.

VisitingMountTaiismorethanamountainclimbingexcursion,butahands-onengagementinancientcultureandcontemporaryprosperity.Thus,Iassureyouthatyouwilllikethiswonderfulexperience.

PartⅡListeningComprehension

A.短对话

1.参考原文：

W:Ican’tseemtoreachtheteaatthebackofthecupboard.

M:Oh…Whydon’tyouusetheladder?Youmightstrainyourshoulder.

Q:Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?

点评：本题考点：计划或者建议。考点在第二个男士的提议。答案选B：Usealaddertohelpherreachthetea.strainv.表示拉伸，扭伤strainyourshoulder拉伤肩膀。

2.参考原文：

W:Sinceit’srainingsohard,let’sgoandseethenewexhibits.

M:That’sagoodidea.MaryJohnsonisoneofmyfavoritepainters.

Q:Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?

点评：本题考点：对话场景题。通过女士提到的“newexhibits”和男士提到的“favoritepainters”可推出答案为D：Outsideanartgallery.

3.参考原文：

M:Ihearthestudentsgavethenewteacheranunfairevaluation.

W:Itdependsonwhichstudentyouaretalkingabout.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?

点评：本题考查语义推断。考点在第二个女士的回应，面对男士的说法，她并没有表示认同，而是婉转表达了质疑。对应选项B.Shedoesnotquiteagreewithwhatthemansaid.“unfairevaluation”意思是“不公平的评价”。

4.参考原文：

W:Itmusthavetakenyoualongtimetofixupallthesebookshelves.

M:Itwasn’ttoobad.IgotDoristodosomeofthem.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

点评：本题考查事实细节。考点在第二个男士的话。对应选项C.Dorisfixedupsomeofthebookshelves.原文中男士说的“dosomeofthem”指的就是修理书架。

5.参考原文：

W:Rod,Ihearyou’llbeleavingattheendofthismonth.Isittrue?

M:Yeah.I’vebeenofferedamuchbetterpositionwithanotherfirm.I’dbeafooltoturnitdown.

Q:Whyisthemanquittinghisjob?

点评：本题考查因果关系。考点在第二个男士所解释的原因。对应D.Hehasfoundabetterposition.“position”即“职位”，“firm”即“公司”。“quit”即“放弃，辞职”的意思。

6.参考原文：

W:Ihonestlydon’twanttocontinuethegardeningtomorrow,Tony?

M:NeitherdoI.ButIthinkweshouldgetitoverwithinthisweekend.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

点评：本题考查转折关系。考点在第二个男士语义转折之后的内容。对应选项A.Theyshouldfinishtheworkassoonaspossible.选项“finish”同义替换原文中的“getitover”，而“assoonaspossible”则改写了“withinthisweekend”。

7.参考原文：

W:You’vealreadyfurnishedyourapartment?

M:Ifoundsomeusedfurniturethatwasdirtcheap.

Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?

点评：本题考查事实细节。考点在第二个男士所说的话，习惯用语“dirtcheap”就是“很便宜，白菜价”的意思。对应答案D.Thefurniturethemanboughtisinexpensive.其中“inexpensive”同义改写了“dirtcheap”。

8.参考原文：

W:Hasthemechaniccalledthebusrepairers?

M:Notyet.I’llletyouknowwhenhecalls.

Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?

点评：本题考查语义推断。考点要结合女士的提问和男士的回答。对应B.Thewomaniswaitingforacall.“mechanic”指“机械工”，“busrepairers”指“公车修理师”。

B.长对话和短文

Conversationone:

Questions9to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

9.Whycouldn’tthewoman’sroommateattendtheShakespeareanEnglishclassthatafternoon?

10.Whatfavoristhewomangoingtodoforherroommate?

11.Whatdoesthewomanwanttoknowattheendoftheconversation?

答案：

9.点评：前2句都是礼节性问答，第3句开始出现新人物“JanetHolmes”,即考点预警信号。关键信息就是女士接下来的回答：“It’sjustthatshesubmittedajobapplicationyesterdayandthecompanyaskedherinforaninterviewtoday”。对应A选项：Shehadajobinterviewtoattend.

10.点评：前文刚刚提到“JanetHolmes”所遇到的问题(因面试不能上课交作业)，接着就提到了解决这一问题的方法，关键听取原文中“I’mcallingtoseewhetheritwouldbeOKifIgaveyouheressay.”对应选项C：Submitherroommate’sassignment.

11.点评：从四个选项都以特殊疑问词开头的特征可以预判，本题考点是某人的疑问。关键信息是女士在最后所提到的问题：“AndDr.Ellis,onemorething,couldyoutellmewhereyourofficeis?”对应选项A.WhereDr.Ellis’sofficeislocated.

【综合点评】：本题完全符合长对话“问答结构”的惯有出题套路，分别针对problem和solution进行提问，而且并没有出现逆序出题现象为难考生，整体难度一般。

Conversation2:

Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

12.Whatdoesthemansayabouthisjob?

13.Whichtraindoesthemantaketoworkeveryday?

14.Howdoesthemanfeelaboutcommutingtoworkeverydaynow?

15.Howdoesthemanspendhistimeonthemorningtrain?

答案：

12.点评：第一题完全符合“前3句出考点”的套路，考点信息出现在明显的信号词“But”之后：“Butit’sbearablenowthatI’musedtoit”。bearable表示可以忍受的，beusedto表示为习惯做某事。对应选项C：Hecanhandleitquitewell.

13.点评：本题考查时间细节，所听即所选。关键信息是“Itwasterribleatfirst,especiallygettingupbeforedawntocatchthat6:30train”对应选项B：The6:30train.

14.点评：本题考点再次出现在明显信号词But之后：“ButnowIquiteenjoyit.”对应选项C：Thetimeonthetrainisenjoyable

15.点评：长对话最后一题往往对应整个对话的结尾部分。女士最后问男士在车上如何消磨时光，男士的回答则是考点信息：“Inthemorning,Ijustsitincomfortandreadthepaperstocatchupwiththenews.”对应选项A：Readingnewspapers.

【综合点评】：本题完全符合顺序出题原则，有2道题的答案更是直接出现在信号词But之后，答案直来直往基本不需要进行推断，出题思路中规中矩，整体难度一般。

PassageOne

16.WhatshouldAmericancollegestudentsdotocopewiththeirheavyreadingassignments?

17.Whatsuggestiondoesthespeakergiveaboutmarkingatextbook?

18.Howshouldstudentsprepareforanexamaccordingtothespeaker?

答案：

16.点评：根据短文理解“前3句出考点”原则，如果本文前1、2句的因果关系没有成为考点，考点则顺延到第3句和第4句，关键信息为“Theyneedtoextractasmuchinformationaspossiblefromthefirstorsecondreading.”extract表示提取、选取，对应选项D：Getkeyinformationbyreadingjustonceortwice.

17.点评：从第二段开始，markingskill被反复提到，无疑是重要考点。就做标记的技巧，作者一共提了3个建议，其中“Third,decideonyourownsystemformarking”几乎完整地被选项A照搬下来：Chooseone'sownsystemofmarking.根据所听基本即所选原则，答案就是A。

18.点评：最后一题考察了转折结构，考点信息出现在明显的信号词‘Instead”之后：“Instead,youjustneedtoreviewyourmarksandyoucansavealotoftime.”对应选项B：Byreviewingonlythemarkedparts.

PassageTwo

19.Whatistakenforgrantedbymostpeople?

20.WhatdodoctorsthinkofAlHerpin'scase?

21.WhatcouldhaveaccountedforAlHerpin'ssleeplessness?

答案：

19.点评：答案出现在明显的信号词“But”之后，即：“Buteveryoneneedssomeresttostayalive.”对应选项D：Everybodyneedssomesleepforsurvival.

20.点评：答案出现在明显的信号词“But”之后，即：“ButamannamedAlHerpinturnedouttobearareexception”对应选项C：Itisarareexception.rare表示稀有的，少见的。

21.点评：根据顺序出题原则，本题对应文章结尾部分。文章最后提到医生对AlHerpin不用睡觉感到困惑，紧接着就解释了原因。“clue”(表示线索)是本题的考点信号词，随后就是考点信息：“Herememberedsometalkabouthismotherhavingbeeninjuredseveraldaysbeforehehadbeenborn.”对应选项B：Hismother'sinjuryjustbeforehisbirth.

22.WhatdowelearnaboutHettyGreenasachild?

23.HowdidHettyGreenbecomerichovernight?

24.WhywasHettyGreenmuchhated?

25.WhatdowelearnaboutHetty'sdaughter?

答案：

22.点评：本题略有难度。考点即没有出现在前3句话，也没有出现在明显的信号词之后，但是只要提前划记好了本题关键词，根据“所听基本即所选”原则还是可以找到答案C：Shedevelopedastronginterestinfinance.该选项对应原文信息“Attheageofsixshestartedreadingthedailyfinancialnewspapersandopenedherownbankaccount.”

23.点评：本题略有难度。考点紧跟在上一题考点句之后，即“Herfatherdiedwhenshewas21andsheinherited7.5milliondollars.”对应选项D.Sheinheritedabigfortunefromherfather.

24.点评：本题难度较大。错误选项中的细节有较强干扰性，但如果考生对最后一段的整体结构有所把握，就会发现在第一句提到了Hetty的“meanness”(吝啬，小气)之后，后文“alwaysarguedaboutprices”“buybrokenbiscuits”“refusedtopayforadoctor”这些细节都属于次要信息，是对“meanness”的例证。对应选项A.Shewasextremelymeanwithhermoney.

25.点评：本题考点就是本文最后一句话“herdaughterbuiltahospitalwithhermoney”对应选项B.Shebuiltahospitalwithhermother'smoney.

PartIIIReadingComprehension

SectionA

选词填空

题目一：

本文选自5月16日的经济学人

参考原文

Anationofnon-readers:Astrangeandcostlydisregardforbooks

MANYBrazilianscannotread.In2000,aquarterofthoseaged15andolderwerefunctionallyilliterate.Manysimplydonotwantto.Onlyoneliterateadultinthreereadsbooks.TheaverageBrazilianreads1.8non-academicbooksayear—lessthanhalfthefigureinEuropeandtheUnitedStates.Inarecentsurveyofreadinghabits,Brazilianscame27thoutof30countries,spending5.2hoursaweekwithabook.Argentines,theirneighbours,ranked18th.

Inrareaccord,government,businessesandNGOsareallstrivingindifferentwaystochangethis.OnMarch13ththegovernmentlaunchedaNationalPlanforBooksandReading.Thisseekstoboostreading,byfoundinglibrariesandfinancingpublishersamongotherthings.TheBrazilReaderInstitute,anNGO,bringsbookstopeople:ithasinstalledlendinglibrariesintwoS?oPaulometrostations,andisplanningoneinaCarnivalsambaschool.Itisstartingtobecommontoseecharactersintelevisionsoapoperasshownreading.CynicsnotethatGlobo,thebiggestbroadcaster,isalsoabigpublisherofbooks,newspapersandmagazines.

Onediscouragementtoreadingisthatbooksareexpensive.AtS?oPaulo'sbookfairthisweek,“OCódigoDaVinci”wasonsalefor32reais—morethanatenthoftheofficialminimummonthlywage.Mostotherbookshavesmallprint-runs,pushinguptheirprice.

ButBrazilians'indifferencetobookshasdeeperroots.Centuriesofslaverymeantthecountry'sleaderslongneglectededucation.Primaryschoolingbecameuniversalonlyinthe1990s.Radiowasubiquitousbythe1930s;librariesandbookshopshavestillnotcaughtup.“Theelectronicexperiencecamebeforethewrittenexperience,”saysMarinoLobello,oftheBrazilianChamberofBooks,anindustrybody.

AllthismeansthatBrazil'sbookmarkethasthebiggestgrowthpotentialinthewesternworld,reckonsMrLobello.Thatnotionhasattractedforeignpublishers,suchasSpain'sPrisa-Santillana,whichboughtalocalhouselastyear.Americanevangelicalpublishersareeyeingthemarketforreligiousbooks,whichoutsellfictioninBrazil.

Butreadingisadifficulthabittoform.Braziliansboughtfewerbooksin2004—289m,includingtextbooksdistributedbythegovernment—thantheydidin1991.LastyearthedirectorofBrazil'snationallibraryquitafteracontroversialtenure.Hecomplainedthathehadhalfthelibrariansheneededandtermiteshadeatenmuchofthecollection.Alongwithcrimeandhighinterestrates,thatoughttobeacausefornationalshame.

答案及解析

36.N.simply

本空所在句不缺其它成分，该空应为副词。备选副词J)particularly(专门地、特别地)与N)simply(简单地、仅仅)中，simply符合句意“许多人仅仅是不想学着识字。”

37.A.average

本空修饰名词Brazilian，需要形容词。备选形容词A)average(平均的、普通的)E)expensive(昂贵的)K)potential(潜在的)中，average符合句意“普通的巴西人每年读1.8本非学术书目”。且reads1.8non-academicbooksayear也在提示这里是在描述平均值。

38.M.ranked

本空是该句谓语，缺动词。且与前句并列，而前句用的过去式，因此本空需动词过去式。备选的有C)distributed(分发、散布)、F)launched(发射、发动)、G)named(取名、提名)、H)neglected(忽视)、L)quit(退出、辞职)、M)ranked(排名)和O)treasured(珍惜)。能与空后的18th构成合理搭配的只有ranked，表示“排在第18位”。另外前句描述的也是巴西的排名。

39.F.launched

本空是该句谓语，缺动词。由于描述的是过去的日子，需要过去式。备选的有C)distributed(分发、散布)、F)launched(发射、发动)、G)named(取名、提名)、H)neglected(忽视)、L)quit(退出、辞职)和O)treasured(珍惜)。本空后的专有概念NationalPlanforBooksandReading明显是个活动或计划之类，能与之构成合理搭配的只有launched，表示“发起了此计划”。

40.E.expensive

本空做表语，主语是books，形容词、动词分词可能性较大。注意到后句提到pushuptheirprice，因此这里描述的应该是书的价格，expensive符合话题。

41.H.neglected

本空是所在从句的谓语，且描述的是过去、主句也为过去式，因此这里需要过去式。备选的有C)distributed(分发、散布)、G)named(取名、提名)、H)neglected(忽视)和L)quit(退出、辞职)O)treasured(珍惜)。注意前句引出的话题是巴西对书籍的漠视，本句提到的也是巴西长期奴隶制的影响，因此本空应选择neglected，表示巴西“长期忽视教育”。distributed意思不合理，treasured则与这里想表示的意思相反。

42.K.potential

本空一种可能是副词，但备选副词只剩particularly，而其意思在这里并不合适，这里也没有构成其所表示的递进关系的条件。因此只能考虑本空另一种可能：名词。备选的有B)collection(收集)、D)exhibition(展览)和K)potential(潜力)。potential是唯一意思合理的，表示巴西的图市场“有着最大的增长潜力”。

43.C.distributed

本空位于名词后，应为后置定语，需要动词分词；by提示了这里需要过去分词。备选的有C)distributed(分发、散布)、G)named(取名、提名)和L)quit(退出、辞职)O)treasured(珍惜)。这里意思合理的只有distributed，表示“被政府分发的书籍”。

44.L.quit

本空是该句谓语，其描述的是过去，需要过去式，备选的有G)named(取名、提名)、L)quit(退出、辞职)、和O)treasured(珍惜)。同时该空后无宾语，因此必须是不及物动词，符合此要求的只有quit，表示国家图书馆负责人辞职。

45.B.collection

空前的定冠词提示本空需要名词，备选的有B)collection(收集)和D)exhibition(展览)。这里意思较合理的是collection，它可以表示图书馆的馆藏书籍。意思是“白蚁吃掉了大部分馆藏书籍”。

SectionB

46.D

47.G

48.A

49.E

50.C

51.H

52.G

53.D

54.A

55.F

SectionC

56.C

57.B

58.A

59.D

60.A

61.B

62.A

63.D

64.B

65.C

PartIVTranslation

Chinashouldfurtherdevelopnuclearenergybecausecurrently，nuclearpoweraccountsforonly2%ofitstotalgeneratingcapacity.Suchproportionranksthethirtiethinallthecountriespossessingnuclearpower,whichisalmostthelast.

AfterJapan’snuclearpoweraccidentinMarch2011,nuclearpowerdevelopmentinChinawassuspended,sowastheapprovalofnewnuclearpowerplants.Also,thenationalsafetycheckforthenuclearpowerwascarriedout.ITwasnotuntilOctoberthattheapprovalwasprudentlyresumed.

Withtheimprovementoftechnologyandsafetymeasures,thereislittlepossibilityfornuclearaccidentstohappen.Inotherwords,therewon’tbeanytroubletodevelopandexploitthenuclearpower.

这篇略难，恭喜人品。第一二句，注意逻辑；第三句，注意“排”这个字要用主动；

第二段主要注意时态：过去时。

最后一段，伴随状语和句子间的逻辑。

详解：

第一句，考察词汇进一步，占据，以及句子逻辑关系的判断。

第二句注意使用非限制性定语从句。

第三句话是全文最长的一句话，注意几个简单句的合并(sowasB以及用逻辑词);考察词汇停止，开展。

第四句，考察“直到。。。才”(notuntil)句型。

第五句，简单句，无难度，考察with表伴随。

最后一句，简单句，考察短语换句话说，以及词汇开发利用。

历年四级考试语法题选篇6

一虚拟语气考查点

essential,important等词后的`虚拟语气；

1)Itwasessentialthattheapplicationforms___backbeforethedeadline（90年1月四级考试。）

AmustbesentBwouldbesentCbesentDweresent（答案是C）

2)Itisvitalthatenoughmoney___tofundtheproject.（1月四级考试。）

AiscollectedBbecollectedCmustbecollectedDcanbecollected（答案是C）

ifonly,wish等词后的虚拟语气；

1)LookattheterriblesituationIamin!IfI___youradvice.（93年6月四级考试。）

AfollowBhadfollowedCwouldfollowDhavefollowed（答案是B）

2)IwishI___longerthismorning,butIhadtogetupandcometoclass.（95年6月四级考试。）

AhavesleptBsleptCmighthavesleptDcouldhaveslept（答案是D）

条件从句中的虚拟语气

1)Hemusthavehadanaccident,orhe___then（90年1月四级考试。）.

AwouldhavebeenhereBshouldbehereChadtobehereDwouldbehere（答案是A）

二动词的ing形式和过去分词

分词的独立结构

1）名词（代词）+分词

Anewtechnique______,theyieldsasawholeincreasedby20percent.(90/1)

A）workingoutC)havingbeenworked

B)havingworkedoutD)tohavebeenworkedout(C)

With+名词（代词）+V--ed或V--ing

2)AftertheArabstateswonindependence,greatemphasiswaslaidonexpandingeducation,withgirlsaswellasboys_______togotoschool.(97/1)

A)tobecouragedB)beingencouragedC)beenencouragedD)beencouraged(B)

动名词短语做宾语

Theyareconsidering_______beforethepricesgoup.(89/1)

AofbuyingthehouseCbuyingthehouse

BwithbuyingthehouseDtobuythehouse(C)

分词短语做状语

________withthepicture,Marytoreittopieces.(92/6)

ADissatisfyingthoroughlyCBeingthoroughlydissatisfied

BtodissatisfythoroughlyDTobethoroughlydissatisfied(C)

分词短语做定语

IfIcorrectsomeone,IwilldoitwithasmuchgoodbumorandselfCrestraintasifIweretheone_______.(95/1)

AtocorrectBcorrectin

四级考试历年高频词汇短语：短语动词篇7

1.短语动词

beabouttodo刚要，即将

befriendswith与。友好

bearinmind记住

bringintoeffect实行；使生效

bringintooperation实施；使生效

cannothelp禁不住，忍不住

carryintoeffect施行；使生效

castlighton/upon阐明，使了解

catchfire着火，烧着

catchone“sbreath喘气，松口气；屏息

catchone”seye引人注目

catchsightof看到，发现

comeintoeffect生效；实施

comeintooperation施行，实行，生效

cometoone“ssenses醒悟；苏醒

cometrue实现

couldnothelp禁不住，忍不住

cutshort中断，打断

doone”sbest尽力，努力

enjoyoneself过得快活

fallinlovewith爱上

findfault(with)找岔

gainanadvantageover胜过，优于

getholdof得到，获得

getridof丢弃，摆脱，

getthebestof战胜

getthebetterof战胜，占上风

gettogether会面，装配

giveriseto引起，导致

giveway让路，让步

goahead开始，进行

gointoeffect施行，实行，生效

gointooperation生效，实施

gowrong出错，出故障

hadbetter应该

hadrather宁愿

hadrather...than宁愿。而不愿。

haveanadvantageover胜过，优于

haveinmind想到；记得；打算

havenothingtodowith和。毫无关系

have(something/much/little)todowith和。(有些/有很大/没有什么)关系

helponeself自用，自取

keepaneyeon留意，照看

keepinmind记住

keepone“shead保持镇静

keepone”sword守信用

keeppace(with)(与。)齐步前进

leadtheway引路，带路

learnbyheart记住，背诵

leavealone不打扰，不干预

letalone更别提，不打扰

letgo(of)放，松手

loseheart失去勇气，丧失信心

loseone“shead慌乱，仓皇失措

loseone”stemper发脾气，发努

losesightof忘记，忽略；看不见

makea/thedifference有影响，起作用

makefriends交朋友

makefunof取笑，嘲弄

makeone“sway去，前往

makesense讲得通，言之有理

makesure查明；务必

makethebestof充分利用

makethemostof充分利用

makeupone”smind下决心，打定主意

makeuseof使用，利用

makeway让路，让出地方

mayaswell还不如，不妨

nevermind不要紧；不用担心

payattentionto注意

piecetogether拼合

playapart(in)起作用，参于

putintoeffect实施；使生效

putintooperation实施；使生效

putintopractice实施；实行

puttouse使用

seetoitthat注意，务必，保证

seethat注意，务必，保证

setfireto使燃烧，点燃

take...for把。认为是

takeachance冒险，投机

take(a)delightin以。为乐

takeadvantageof利用，趁。之机

takecare当心，注意

takecareof照顾，照料

takecharge管理，接管

takeeffect生效，起作用

takeintoaccount考虑

take……forgranted认为。理所当然

takeone’stime不着急，不着慌

takepains努力，尽力，下苦功

takepart(in)参加，参于

takeplace发生，进行，举行

taketheplaceof代替，取代

taketurns依次，轮流

thinkbetterof经考虑改变对。的看法

tryone“sbest尽力，努力

历年英语四级作文篇8

Upongraduation,virtuallyallcollegestudentswillconfronttheproblemofthecareerchoice，whichistrulyatoughchoice.Studentsopinionsdiffergreatlyonthisissue.Someholdthatpriorityshouldbegiventostartabusinessofyourown,butotherstaketheattitudethatfindingajobisthebestchoiceinfluencingtheirfuture.

Astomyself,Ipreferthelatterview.Anopportunitytostartabusinessexertsatremendousfascinationonagreatnumberofpeople,withnoexceptiontome.Inmyview,Withthecompetitioninthejobmarketbecomingincreasinglyfierceforcollegegraduates，someambitiousstudentshavetriedtheirhandsatlaunchingtheirownbusinesses.Overtheyears，therehavebeenmanysuccessfulcasesofstudententrepreneurshipandsuchattemptsshouldbeencouragedandpromotedbyboththeuniversitiesandthesocietyatlarge.What’smore，Collegestudentswhostartbusinessesarepioneers，amongwhomwillbebornChina’sfuturebusinessleaders.Facedwithunknownchallenges，theyareaudaciousenoughtoembarkonaperilousjourneywhilemostoftheirpeersenjoystablesalariesbyworkingaswhite-collarsathigh-endofficebuildings.

Allinall,theessentialdifferencebetweenthestudentswhofindajoborthosestudentswhocreatetheirownbusinessesisthattheformeraredocilefollowerswhereasthelatterareaggressivetrailblazers.Forthisreason，business-launchingcollegegraduatesaremoreadmirable，andthustheycommandourdeeprespect.

历年四级真题解析篇9

历年四级真题解析

PartIWriting(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayontheimportanceofspeakingabilityandhowtodevelopit.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.

________________________________________________________________________

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PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Neon(霓虹)istoHongKongasredphoneboothsaretoLondonandfogistoSanFrancisco.Whennightfalls,redandblueandothercolors26ahazy(雾蒙蒙的)glowoveracitylitupbytensofthousandsofneonsigns.Butmanyofthemaregoingdark,27bymorepractical,butlessromantic,LEDs(发光二极管).

Changingbuildingcodes,evolvingtastes,andthehighcostofmaintainingthosewonderfuloldsignshavebusinessesembracingLEDs,whichareenergy28,butstillcarrygreatcost.“Tome,neonrepresentsmemoriesofthepast,”saysphotographerSharonBlance,whoseseriesHongKongNeoncelebratesthecity'sfamoussigns.“LookingatthesignsnowIgetafeelingofamazement,mixedwithsadness.”

Buildinganeonsignisanartpracticedby29trainedonthejobtomoldglasstubesinto30shapesandletters.Theyfillthesetubeswithgasesthatglowwhen31.Neonmakesorange,whileothergasesmakeyelloworblue.Ittakesmanyhourstocraftasinglesign.

BlancespentaweekinHongKongand32morethan60signs;22ofthemappearintheseriesthatcapturethesignslightinguplonelystreets—an33thatmakesiteasytoadmiretheircolorsandcraftsmanship.“Ilovethebeautiful,handcrafted,old-fashioned34ofneon,”saysBlance.Thesignsdonothingmorethan35arestaurant,theater,orotherbusiness,butdosointhemoststrikingwaypossible.

A)alternativeB)approachC)castD)challengingE)decorativeF)efficientG)electrifiedH)identifyI)photographedJ)professionalsK)qualityL)replacedM)stimulateN)symbolizesO)volunteers

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

NewJerseySchoolDistrictEasesPressureonStudents—BaringanEthnicDivide

A)Thisfall,DavidAderhold,thechiefofahigh-achievingschooldistrictnearPrinceton,NewJersey,sentparentsanalarming16-pageletter.Theschooldistrict,hesaid,wasfacingacrisis.Itsstudentswereoverburdenedandstressedout,havingtocopewithtoomuchworkandtoomanydemands.Inthepreviousschoolyear,120middleandhighschoolstudentswererecommendedformentalhealthassessmentsand40werehospitalized.Andonasurveyadministeredbythedistrict,studentswrotethingslike,“Ihategoingtoschool,”and“Comingoutof12yearsinthisdistrict,Ihavelearnedonething:thatagrade,apercentageorevenapointistobevaluedoveranythingelse.”

B)Withhisletter,AderholdinsertedWestWindsor-PlainsboroRegionalSchoolDistrictintoanationaldiscussionabouttheintensefocusonachievementateliteschools,andwhetherithasgonetoofar.Atfollow-upmeetings,heurgedparentstojoinhiminadvocatinga“wholechild”approachtoschoolingthatrespects“social-emotionaldevelopment”and“deepandmeaningfullearning”overacademicsalone.Thealternative,hesuggested,wastofacetheprospectofbecominganotherPaloAlto,California,whereoutsizestressonteenagestudentsisbelievedtohavecontributedtoanumberofsuicidesinthelastsixyears.

C)Butinsteadofbringingfamiliestogether,Aderhold'sletterrevealedadivideinthedistrict,whichhas9,700students,andonethatbrokedownroughlyalongraciallines.OnonesidearewhiteparentslikeCatherineFoley,aformerpresidentoftheParent-Teacher-StudentAssociationatherdaughter'smiddleschool,whohascometoseethedistrict'sincreasinglypressuredatmosphereasopposedtolearning.“Mysonwasinfourthgradeandtoldme,'I'mnotgoingtoamounttoanythingbecauseIhavenothingtoputonmyresume,'”shesaid.OntheothersideareparentslikeMikeJia,oneofthethousandsofAsian-Americanprofessionalswhohavemovedtothedistrictinthepastdecade,whosaidAderhold'sreformswouldamounttoa“dumbingdown”ofhischildren'seducation.“Whatishappeningherereflectsanationalanti-intellectualtrendthatwillnotprepareourchildrenforthefuture,”Jiasaid.

D)About10minutesfromPrincetonandanhourandahalffromNewYorkCity,WestWindsorandPlainsborohavebecomepopularbedroomcommunitiesfortechnologyentrepreneurs,researchersandengineers,drawninlargepartbythepublicschools.Fromthelastthreegraduatingclasses,16seniorswereadmittedtoMIT.ItproducesScienceOlympiadwinners,classicallytrainedmusiciansandstudentswithperfectSATscores.

E)ThedistricthasbecomeincreasinglypopularwithimmigrantfamiliesfromChina,IndiaandKorea.Thisyear,65percentofitsstudentsareAsian-American,comparedwith44percentin.ManyofthemarethefirstintheirfamiliesbornintheUnitedStates.Theyhavehadagrowinginfluenceonthedistrict.Asian-Americanparentsareenthusiasticsupportersofthecompetitiveinstrumentalmusicprogram.Theyhavebeenhugesupportersofthedistrict'sadvancedmathematicsprogram,whichoncebeganinthefourthgradebutwillnowstartinthesixth.Thechangetotheprogram,inwhich90percentoftheparticipatingstudentsareAsian-American,isoneofAderhold'sreforms.

F)Asian-Americanstudentshavebeeneagerparticipantsinastateprogramthatpermitsthemtotakesummerclassesoffcampusforhighschoolcredit,allowingthemtomaximizethenumberofhonorsandAdvancedPlacementclassestheycantake,anotherpracticethatAderholdislimitingthisschoolyear.WithmanyAsian-Americanchildrenattendingsupplementaryinstructionalprograms,thereisaperceptionamongsomewhitefamiliesthattheelementaryschoolcurriculumisbeingspeduptoaccommodatethem.

G)BothAsian-Americanandwhitefamiliessaythetensionbetweenthetwogroupshasgrownsteadilyoverthepastfewyears,asthenumberofAsianfamilieshasrisen.ButthedivisionhasbecomemoreobviousinrecentmonthsasAderholdhasmadechanges,includingno-homeworknights,anendtohighschoolmidtermsandfinals,andaninitiativethatmadeiteasiertoparticipateinthemusicprogram.

H)JenniferLee,professorofsociologyattheUniversityofCalifornia,Irvine,andanauthoroftheAsianAmericanAchievementParadox,saysmisunderstandingbetweenfirst-generationAsian-Americanparentsandthosewhohavebeeninthiscountrylongerarecommon.Whatwhitemiddle-classparentsdonotalwaysunderstand,shesaid,ishowmuchpressurerecentimmigrantsfeeltoboosttheirchildrenintothemiddleclass.“Theydon'thavethesamechancestogettheirchildreninternships(实习职位)orjobsatlawfirms,”Leesaid.“Sowhattheybelieveisthattheirchildrenmustexcelandbeattheirwhitepeersinacademicsettingssotheyhavethesamechancestoexcellater.”

I)TheissueofthestressesfeltbystudentsineliteschooldistrictshasgainedattentioninrecentyearsasschoolsinplaceslikeNewton,Massachusetts,andPaloAltohavereportedanumberofsuicides.WestWindsor-Plainsborohasnothadateenagesuicideinrecentyears,butAderhold,whohasworkedinthedistrictforsevenyearsandbeenchiefforthelastthreeyears,saidhehadseentroublingsigns.Inarecentartassignments,amiddleschoolstudentdepicted(描绘)anoverburdenedchildwhowasbeingscoldedforearninganA,ratherthananA+,onamathexam.Intheimage,themotherscoldsthestudentwiththewords,“Shameonyou!”Further,hesaid,theNewJerseyEducationDepartmenthasflaggedatleasttwopiecesofwritingonstateEnglishlanguageassessmentsinwhichstudentsexpressedsuicidalthoughts.

J)Thesurveycommissionedbythedistrictfoundthat68percentofhighschoolhonorandAdvancedPlacementstudentsreportedfeelingstressedaboutschool“alwaysormostofthetime.”“Weneedtobringbacksomebalance,”Aderholdsaid.“Youdon'twanttowaituntilit'stoolatetodosomething.”

K)Notallpublicopinionhasfallenalongraciallines.KarenSue,theChinese-Americanmotherofafifth-graderandaneighth-grader,believesthecompetitionwithinthedistricthasgottenoutofcontrol.Sue,whowasbornintheUnitedStatestoimmigrantparents,wantsherpeerstodialitback.“It'sbecomeanarmsrace,aneducationalarmsrace,”shesaid.“Weallwantourkidstoachieveandbesuccessful.Thequestionis,atwhatcost?”

36.Aderholdislimitingtheextraclassesthatstudentsareallowedtotakeoffcampus.

37.WhiteandAsian-AmericanparentsrespondeddifferentlytoAderhold'sappeal.

38.Suicidalthoughtshaveappearedinsomestudents'writings.

39.Aderhold'sreformoftheadvancedmathematicsprogramwillaffectAsian-Americanstudentsmost.

40.Aderholdappealedforparents'supportinpromotinganall-rounddevelopmentofchildren,insteadoffocusingonlyontheiracademicperformance.

41.OneChinese-Americanparentthinksthecompetitioninthedistricthasgonetoofar.

42.Immigrantparentsbelievethatacademicexcellencewillallowtheirchildrenequalchancestosucceedinthefuture.

43.ManybusinessmenandprofessionalshavemovedtoWestWindsorandPlainsborobecauseofthepublicschoolsthere.

44.AnumberofstudentsinAderhold'sschooldistrictwerefoundtohavestress-inducedmentalhealthproblems.

45.ThetensionbetweenAsian-Americanandwhitefamilieshasincreasedinrecentyears.

SectionC

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions46and50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Forthousandsofyears,peoplehaveknownthatthebestwaytounderstandaconceptistoexplainittosomeoneelse.“Whileweteach,welearn,”saidRomanphilosopherSeneca.Nowscientistsarebringingthisancientwisdomup-to-date.They'redocumentingwhyteachingissuchafruitfulwaytolearn,anddesigninginnovativewaysforyoungpeopletoengageininstruction.

Researchershavefoundthatstudentswhosignuptotutorothersworkhardertounderstandthematerial,recallitmoreaccuratelyandapplyitmoreeffectively.Studentteachersscorehigheronteststhanpupilswho'relearningonlyfortheirownsake.Buthowcanchildren,stilllearningthemselves,teachothers?Oneanswer:Theycantutoryoungerkids.Somestudieshavefoundthatfirst-bornchildrenaremoreintelligentthantheirlater-bornsiblings(兄弟姐妹).ThissuggeststheirhigherIQsresultfromthetimetheyspendteachingtheirsiblings.Noweducatorsareexperimentingwithwaystoapplythismodeltoacademicsubjects.Theyengagecollegeundergraduatestoteachcomputersciencetohighschoolstudents,whointurninstructmiddleschoolstudentsonthetopic.

Butthemostcutting-edgetoolunderdevelopmentisthe“teachableagent”—acomputerizedcharacterwholearns,tries,makesmistakesandasksquestionsjustlikeareal-worldpupil.Computerscientistshavecreatedananimated(动画的)figurecalledBetty'sBrain,whohasbeen“taught”aboutenvironmentalsciencebyhundredsofmiddleschoolstudents.StudentteachersaremotivatedtohelpBettymastercertainmaterials.Whilepreparingtoteach,theyorganizetheirknowledgeandimprovetheirownunderstanding.Andastheyexplaintheinformationtoit,theyidentifyproblemsintheirownthinking.

Feedbackfromtheteachableagentsfurtherenhancesthetutors'learning.Theagents'questionscompelstudenttutorstothinkandexplainthematerialsindifferentways,andwatchingtheagentsolveproblemsallowsthemtoseetheirknowledgeputintoaction.

Aboveall,it'stheemotionsoneexperiencesinteachingthatfacilitatelearning.Studenttutorsfeelupsetwhentheirteachableagentsfail,buthappywhenthesevirtualpupilssucceedastheyderiveprideandsatisfactionfromsomeoneelse'saccomplishment.

46.Whatareresearchersrediscoveringthroughtheirstudies?

A)Seneca'sthinkingisstillapplicabletoday.

B)Betterlearnerswillbecomebetterteachers.

C)Humanintelligencetendstogrowwithage.

D)Philosophicalthinkingimprovesinstruction.

47.WhatdowelearnaboutBetty'sBrain?

A)Itisacharacterinapopularanimation.

B)Itisateachingtoolunderdevelopment.

C)Itisacutting-edgeappindigitalgames.

D)Itisatutorforcomputersciencestudents.

48.Howdoesteachingothersbenefitstudenttutors?

A)Itmakesthemawareofwhattheyarestrongat.

B)Itmotivatesthemtotrynovelwaysofteaching.

C)Ithelpsthemlearntheiracademicsubjectsbetter.

D)Itenablesthemtobetterunderstandtheirteachers.

49.Whatdostudentsdototeachtheirteachableagents?

A)Theymotivatethemtothinkindependently.

B)Theyaskthemtodesigntheirownquestions.

C)Theyencouragethemtogivepromptfeedback.

D)Theyusevariouswaystoexplainthematerials.

50.Whatisthekeyfactorthateasesstudenttutors'learning?

A)Theirsenseofresponsibility.

B)Theiremotionalinvolvement.

C)Thelearningstrategyacquired.

D)Theteachingexperiencegained.

PassageTwo

Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Anewbatchofyoungwomen—membersoftheso-calledMillennial(千禧的)generation—hasbeenenteringtheworkforceforthepastdecade.Atthestartinglineoftheircareers,theyarebettereducatedthantheirmothersandgrandmothershadbeen—orthantheiryoungmalecounterpartsarenow.Butwhentheylookahead,theyseeroadblockstotheirsuccess.Theybelievethatwomenarepaidlessthanmenfordoingthesamejob.Theythinkit'seasierformentogettopexecutivejobsthanitisforthem.Andtheyassumethatifandwhentheyhavechildren,itwillbeevenharderforthemtoadvanceintheircareers.

Whilethepublicseesgreaterworkplaceequalitybetweenmenandwomennowthanitdid20-30yearsago,mostbelievemorechangeisneeded.AmongMillennialwomen,75%saythiscountryneedstocontinuemakingchangestoachievegenderequalityintheworkplace,comparedwith57%ofMillennialmen.Evenso,relativelyfewyoungwomen(15%)saytheyhavebeendiscriminatedagainstatworkbecauseoftheirgender.

AsMillennialwomencomeofagetheysharemanyofthesameviewsandvaluesaboutworkastheirmalecounterparts.Theywantjobsthatprovidesecurityandflexibility,andtheyplacerelativelylittleimportanceonhighpay.Atthesametime,however,youngworkingwomenarelesslikelythanmentoaimattopmanagementjobs:34%saythey'renotinterestedinbecomingabossortopmanager;only24%ofyoungmensaythesame.Thegendergaponthisquestionisevenwideramongworkingadultsintheir30sand40s,whenmanywomenfacethetrade-offsthatgowithworkandmotherhood.

ThesefindingsarebasedonanewPewResearchCentersurveyof2,002adults,including810Millennials(ages18-32),conductedOct.7-27,.Thesurveyfindsthat,inspiteofthedramaticgainswomenhavemadeineducationalattainmentandlaborforceparticipationinrecentdecades,youngwomenviewthisasaman'sworld—justasmiddle-agedandolderwomendo.

51.WhatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraphaboutMillennialwomenstartingtheircareers?

A)Theycangetaheadonlybystrivingharder.

B)TheyexpecttosucceedjustlikeMillennialmen.

C)Theyaregenerallyquiteoptimisticabouttheirfuture.

D)Theyarebettereducatedthantheirmalecounterparts.

52.HowdomostMillennialwomenfeelabouttheirtreatmentintheworkplace?

A)Theyarethetargetofdiscrimination.

B)Theyfinditsatisfactoryonthewhole.

C)Theythinkitneedsfurtherimproving.

D)Theyfindtheircomplaintsignored.

53.WhatdoMillennialwomenvaluemostwhencomingofage?

A)Asenseofaccomplishment.

B)Jobstabilityandflexibility.

C)Rewardsandpromotions.

D)Joyderivedfromwork.

54.Whatarewomenintheir30sand40sconcernedabout?

A)Thewelfareoftheirchildren.

B)Thenarrowingofthegendergap.

C)Thefulfillmentoftheirdreamsinlife.

D)Thebalancebetweenworkandfamily.

55.WhatconclusioncanbedrawnaboutMillennialwomenfromthe2013survey?

A)Theystillviewthisworldasonedominatedbymales.

B)Theyaccountforhalftheworkforceinthejobmarket.

C)Theyseetheworlddifferentlyfromoldergenerations.

D)Theydobetterinworkthantheirmalecounterparts.

PartIVTranslation(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.

近年来，中国有越来越多的城市开始建设地铁。发展地铁有助于减少城市的交通拥堵和空气污染。地铁具有安全、快捷和舒适的优点。越来越多的人选择地铁作为每天上班或上学的主要交通工具。如今，在中国乘坐地铁正变得越来越方便。在有些城市里，乘客只需用卡或手机就可以乘坐地铁。许多当地老年市民还可以免费乘坐地铁。

四级部分真题参考答案(完整版)

PartⅠWriting

TheImportanceofSpeakingAbilityandHowtoDevelopIt

Asweallknow,proficiencyinspeakingisnecessaryforustobecomewell-roundedcommunicators.However,thecapacitytoputwordstogetherinameaningfulwaytoreflectthoughts,opinions,andfeelingsisnotsomethingwe'rebornwithbutneedssometechniquesandpractice.

Firstly,buildconfidenceandconcentrateongettingourmessageacross,whichhelpusgaintheattentionoftheaudiencereturn.Secondly,experimentwiththethingsweknowwellinsteadofchallengingourselveswithdifficultwordssincefluencyappearsmoreimportantduringoralcommunication.Lastly,createsomeopportunitiestopracticelikenarratingourdailylifetoourselvesormaintainingaregularchatwithfriends.

Tosumup,onlybybeingconfidentenoughandusingefficientmethodscanweenhanceourspeakingability.Followthestepstoimproveourspeakingskillsinordertoachieveahigherstandardincommunication.

PartⅡListeningComprehension

说明：由于6月四级考试全国共考了两套听力，本套真题听力与前两套内容相同，只是选项顺序不同，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。

PartIIIReadingComprehension

26-35:CLFJEGIBKH

36-45:FCIEBKHDAG

46-55:ABCDBDCBDA

PartIVTranslation

Inrecentyears,moreandmorecitiesinChinahavebeguntobuildsubways.Thedevelopmentofsubwayscanhelpreducetrafficcongestionandairpollutionincities.Thesubwayhastheadvantagesofsafety,speedandcomfort.Moreandmorepeoplechoosethesubwayasthemainmeansoftransportationtoworkorschooleveryday.Nowadays,itisbecomingmoreandmoreconvenienttotakethesubwayinChina.Insomecities,passengerscanuseacardoramobilephonetotakethesubway.Manylocalelderlycitizenscanalsotakethesubwayforfree.

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